Badaloni Chiara, Caranci Nicola, de'Donato Francesca, De Sario Manuela, Zengarini Nicolás, Cernigliaro Achille, Ranzi Andrea, Nannavecchia Anna Maria, Campese Emanuele, Bisceglia Lucia, Adorno Valentina, Michelozzi Paola
Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, ASL Roma 1, Roma;
Settore Innovazione nei Servizi Sanitari e Sociali, Direzione Generale Cura della Persona, Salute e Welfare, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna.
Epidemiol Prev. 2025 Mar-Jun;49(2-3):44-55. doi: 10.19191/EP25.2-3.S1.055.
to identify environmental, socioeconomic, and territorial characteristics in five urban areas (Turin, Bologna, Rome, Bari, Palermo) and to identify areas characterized by high environmental and socioeconomic vulnerability.
geographical study.
study domain on five Italian cities, each city was characterized at the urban-area level.
for each urban area or neighbourhood, multiple spatial indicators were constructed concerning the main environmental (air pollution, urbanisation, temperature, altitude and presence of rivers and watercourses, greenery, road and rail networks), and socioeconomic (deprivation index) aspects. These characteristics have been synthesised into a composite indicator with a geographically weighted principal component analysis in order to characterise environmental and socioeconomic vulnerability in a single measure that can be more easily interpreted compared to a set of individual indicators.
the involved cities have numerous databases suitable for mapping the main environmental and socioeconomic characteristics. Turin is the most populous of these cities and the one which has the highest average daily PM10 value (29.7±1.4 µg/m3). Together with Palermo, it is the city with the highest density of local roads. Data on residential land cover show a South-North gradient, from 50% in Palermo and Bari to 24,5% in Rome. Low-density residential areas prevail in all cities. The synthetic value of the indicator captures the spatial variability of the territory, highlighting the areas of greatest urban vulnerability in each city under study. Bologna and Roma are the cities with the highest percentage of residents in the high environmental, climate, and socioeconomic vulnerability level, respectively 38% and 29%, while Bari and Palermo show the highest fraction of population living in low vulnerability areas.
in this study, five Italian cities were characterised from an environmental, socioeconomic, and spatial perspective. Furthermore, through the use of a synthetic indicator of socioeconomic environmental exposure, the most vulnerable areas were identified. This indicator provides immediate and effective information to support policies to protect health and combat environmental and social risk factors in the area.
识别五个城市地区（都灵、博洛尼亚、罗马、巴里、巴勒莫）的环境、社会经济和地域特征，并识别具有高环境和社会经济脆弱性的地区。
地理研究。
对五个意大利城市的研究领域，每个城市在城市区域层面进行特征描述。
针对每个城市区域或社区，构建了多个关于主要环境（空气污染、城市化、温度、海拔以及河流和水道的存在、绿化、道路和铁路网络）和社会经济（贫困指数）方面的空间指标。这些特征已通过地理加权主成分分析综合为一个综合指标，以便用单一指标来表征环境和社会经济脆弱性，与一组单个指标相比，该指标更易于解释。
所涉及的城市有众多适合绘制主要环境和社会经济特征地图的数据库。都灵是这些城市中人口最多的，且其日均PM10值最高（29.7±1.4微克/立方米）。它与巴勒莫一起，是当地道路密度最高的城市。住宅用地覆盖数据显示出南北梯度，从巴勒莫和巴里的50%到罗马的24.5%。所有城市中低密度住宅区占主导。该指标的综合值捕捉了地域的空间变异性，突出了每个研究城市中最易受影响的城市区域。博洛尼亚和罗马分别是处于高环境、气候和社会经济脆弱性水平的居民比例最高的城市，分别为38%和29%，而巴里和巴勒莫则显示出生活在低脆弱性地区的人口比例最高。
在本研究中，从环境、社会经济和空间角度对五个意大利城市进行了特征描述。此外，通过使用社会经济环境暴露综合指标，识别出了最脆弱的地区。该指标提供了即时有效的信息，以支持保护健康以及应对该地区环境和社会风险因素的政策。
