Ntegwa Magashi Joseph, Pelizzo Riccardo
Graduate School of Public Policy, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Department of Geography and Economics, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Front Glob Womens Health. 2025 Jul 22;6:1589721. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1589721. eCollection 2025.
The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes remains one of the public issues that needs to be addressed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Tanzania. Despite evidence on the effectiveness of antenatal care (ANC) services in addressing adverse pregnancy outcomes, empirical studies are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of ANC services on adverse pregnancy outcomes.
This is a retrospective study that uses secondary data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey for 2022. The impact of ANC services on adverse pregnancy outcomes was estimated using Propensity Score Matching (PSM), and the robustness of results was checked using doubly robust estimators.
Adequate ANC services utilization reduces adverse pregnancy outcomes in Tanzania. Specifically, adequate ANC services utilization reduces adverse pregnancy outcomes: 5.6%-8.2% (depending on the PSM approach used). Similarly, an adequate ANC package reduces adverse pregnancy outcomes: 6.3%-9.3% (depending on the PSM approach used).
The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes needs to be addressed through adherence to ANC services utilization. Despite the utilization of ANC services being influenced by social, economic, and demographic factors, it is important to ensure essential packages of services are delivered to a pregnant woman for better pregnancy outcomes, as our results show that ANC visits alone have no significant impact.
不良妊娠结局的发生率仍然是包括坦桑尼亚在内的低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）需要解决的公共问题之一。尽管有证据表明产前保健（ANC）服务在解决不良妊娠结局方面具有有效性，但实证研究却很匮乏。因此，本研究旨在分析产前保健服务对不良妊娠结局的影响。
这是一项回顾性研究，使用了2022年坦桑尼亚人口与健康调查的二手数据。使用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）估计产前保健服务对不良妊娠结局的影响，并使用双重稳健估计量检查结果的稳健性。
在坦桑尼亚，充分利用产前保健服务可降低不良妊娠结局。具体而言，充分利用产前保健服务可降低不良妊娠结局的比例为5.6%-8.2%（取决于所使用的PSM方法）。同样，充分的产前保健套餐可降低不良妊娠结局的比例为6.3%-9.3%（取决于所使用的PSM方法）。
需要通过坚持利用产前保健服务来解决不良妊娠结局的发生率问题。尽管产前保健服务的利用受到社会、经济和人口因素的影响，但重要的是要确保为孕妇提供基本的服务套餐，以获得更好的妊娠结局，因为我们的结果表明仅产前检查没有显著影响。
