Antoniades Loizos, Antoniades Constantinos, Heracleous Hera Moustra, Daniel Georgia, Protonotarios Alexandros, Anastasakis Aris, Tsatsoppoulou Adalena, Agathangelou Petros
Cyprus Institute of Cardiomyopathies and Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Department of Cardiology, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2025 Oct;36(10):2519-2528. doi: 10.1111/jce.70037. Epub 2025 Aug 6.
This study aimed to explore the etiology, incidence, and epidemiological characteristics of sudden death (SD) cases among individuals aged 1-35 years, through a systemic evaluation of all SDs in Cyprus over a 11-year period.
From 2005 to 2015, all cases of SDs involving individuals aged 1-35 years, who were citizens or permanent residents of the Republic of Cyprus, were recorded and studied. The incidence of SD in young individuals in Cyprus was 2.16 cases per 100 000 people annually. Out of the 74 recorded cases, cardiac causes were identified in 43.24% (n = 32) of SD cases, with 28.38% (n = 21) attributed to noncardiac factors. Cardiac causes predominated in males (n = 25/50, 50.00%), while noncardiac causes were more prevalent in females (n = 12/24, 50.00%). Among all SD cases, cardiomyopathies, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, accounted for 24.32% (n = 18) cases, followed by pulmonary embolism (n = 8, 10.81%) and viral myocarditis (n = 7, 9.46%) as the second and third leading causes, respectively. Other causes of SDs were myocardial infarction (n = 5, 6.76%), and hemorrhagic stroke (n = 4, 5.41%). Aortic aneurysm rupture, adrenal hemorrhage, and pulmonary aspiration each constituted 4.05% (n = 3) of SD cases. The cause of death remained indeterminate in 28.38% (n = 21) of SD cases.
SD in the young is predominantly of cardiac origin, although a significant proportion of cases is also attributed to noncardiac causes. Despite thorough post-mortem examinations, including microscopic pathology, histological, and immune-histological analyses, a considerable number of SD cases remain unclear.
本研究旨在通过对塞浦路斯11年间所有猝死（SD）病例进行系统评估，探讨1至35岁个体猝死的病因、发病率及流行病学特征。
2005年至2015年，记录并研究了所有涉及年龄在1至35岁、为塞浦路斯共和国公民或永久居民的猝死病例。塞浦路斯年轻个体的猝死发病率为每年每10万人中有2.16例。在记录的74例病例中，43.24%（n = 32）的猝死病例确定为心脏原因，28.38%（n = 21）归因于非心脏因素。心脏原因在男性中占主导（n = 25/50，50.00%），而非心脏原因在女性中更为常见（n = 12/24，50.00%）。在所有猝死病例中，心肌病，尤其是肥厚型心肌病，占24.32%（n = 18），其次是肺栓塞（n = 8，10.81%）和病毒性心肌炎（n = 7，9.46%），分别为第二和第三大主要原因。猝死的其他原因包括心肌梗死（n = 5，6.76%）和出血性中风（n = 4，5.41%）。主动脉瘤破裂、肾上腺出血和肺吸入各占猝死病例的4.05%（n = 3）。28.38%（n = 21）的猝死病例死因仍不确定。
年轻人的猝死主要源于心脏原因，尽管也有相当比例的病例归因于非心脏原因。尽管进行了全面的尸检，包括微观病理学、组织学和免疫组织学分析，但仍有相当数量的猝死病例原因不明。
