Oberman Tin, Latini Arianna, Aletta Francesco, Gozzi Giacomo, Kang Jian, Torresin Simone
Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London, WC1H 0NN, UK.
Silenzi in Quota, Trento, IT, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 6;15(1):28759. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08524-y.
In protected natural areas (PNAs), at popular scenic spots, visitors often contribute to noise pollution through their behaviour. The decibel-focused monitoring doesn't capture the quality of an acoustic environment, human behaviour and perception. A mixed-methods framework, based on the ISO 12913 series, was tested in four European PNAs to address this gap. During five soundwalks (7-12 km long) organised by the Silenzi in Quota initiative, 443 questionnaires were gathered across 28 evaluation points, alongside corresponding binaural measurements. Acoustic environments as silent as L = 31 dB and as loud as L = 76 dB were observed, eliciting perceptions from very calm to chaotic. Psychophysical measures (loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation strength and tonality) were calculated. The impact of the perceived sound source dominance, visual landscape quality and psychophysical and environmental acoustic features on the perceived soundscape pleasantness and eventfulness was analysed via Linear Mixed-Effects Models (LMMs). Perceived sound source type data- and psychophysical data-based models demonstrated higher predictive power than those based on sound pressure level metrics. Amongst the sounds of nature, water sounds demonstrated the strongest association with higher pleasantness and eventfulness. Unlike in urban context, presence of human sounds, associated with increased tonality, was the major factor driving the perception of chaotic soundscapes, revealing the detrimental effect of human behaviour on the experience of PNAs.
在自然保护区（PNAs）以及热门景点，游客的行为常常会造成噪音污染。以分贝为重点的监测无法捕捉声学环境的质量、人类行为和感知。基于ISO 12913系列标准，在四个欧洲自然保护区测试了一个混合方法框架，以填补这一空白。在“Silenzi in Quota”倡议组织的五次声音漫步（7至12公里长）中，在28个评估点收集了443份问卷，并进行了相应的双耳测量。观察到声学环境安静至L = 31分贝，嘈杂至L = 76分贝，引发了从非常平静到混乱的各种感知。计算了心理物理学指标（响度、尖锐度、粗糙度、波动强度和音调）。通过线性混合效应模型（LMMs）分析了感知声源优势、视觉景观质量以及心理物理学和环境声学特征对感知声景愉悦度和丰富度的影响。基于感知声源类型数据和心理物理学数据的模型比基于声压级指标的模型具有更高的预测能力。在自然声音中，水声与更高的愉悦度和丰富度之间的关联最为强烈。与城市环境不同，与音调增加相关的人类声音的存在是导致混乱声景感知的主要因素，揭示了人类行为对自然保护区体验的不利影响。
