Mulu Arega, Kassa Samuel Berihun, Wossene Mindesilew Lakew, Adefris Sintayehu, Meshesha Taye Minchil
Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Injibara University, P.O. Box: 40, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Debre Markos Institute of Technology, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box: 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 6;15(1):28680. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13822-6.
Flooding, caused by the excessive accumulation of water on land, disrupts activities in floodplain regions, particularly during the rainy season. The main objective is to map Flood vulnerability areas and identify regions most vulnerable to flooding to inform effective flood management strategies using an integrated approach that combines remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to assess Flood vulnerability in the Wuseta Watershed. The research was conducted in three phases: pre-fieldwork, fieldwork, and post-fieldwork. Key factors influencing Flood vulnerability such as drainage density, elevation, land use/land cover, and slope were hierarchically weighted to produce a Flood vulnerability map. Rainfall distribution was not considered as a contributing factor the Ethiopian Meteorological Agency has installed only one weather station in the study area, located in Wuseta watershed. As a result, the rainfall distribution is considered uniform throughout the watershed, making it unsuitable for flood susceptibility assessment. The Flood vulnerability map categorizes the watershed into five zones: very high (0.07 km), high (4.65 km), moderate (7.86 km), slight (4.41 km), and very slight (0.001 km). The results show that the upstream, northern, northwestern, and northeastern areas of the watershed face slight to very slight Flood vulnerability, while the southern region is highly vulnerable to flooding. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and local communities, aiding in the development of targeted mitigation strategies and raising awareness of flood-prone areas. This study underscores the value of integrating geospatial technologies and multi-criteria decision analysis in flood risk assessment, particularly in data-scarce regions, to enhance disaster preparedness and climate resilience.
洪水是由陆地上水的过度积聚引起的，它扰乱了洪泛区的活动，尤其是在雨季。主要目标是绘制洪水脆弱性区域图，并识别最易受洪水影响的地区，以便采用综合方法（结合遥感、地理信息系统（GIS）和层次分析法（AHP））来评估武塞塔流域的洪水脆弱性，从而制定有效的洪水管理策略。该研究分三个阶段进行：野外工作前、野外工作和野外工作后。对影响洪水脆弱性的关键因素，如排水密度、海拔、土地利用/土地覆盖和坡度进行分层加权，以生成洪水脆弱性地图。降雨分布未被视为一个影响因素，因为埃塞俄比亚气象局在研究区域（位于武塞塔流域）仅安装了一个气象站。因此，整个流域的降雨分布被认为是均匀的，这使其不适用于洪水敏感性评估。洪水脆弱性地图将该流域分为五个区域：极高（0.07平方千米）、高（4.65平方千米）、中等（7.86平方千米）、轻微（4.41平方千米）和极轻微（0.001平方千米）。结果表明，该流域的上游、北部、西北部和东北部地区面临轻微到极轻微的洪水脆弱性，而南部地区极易遭受洪水。这些发现为政策制定者和当地社区提供了有价值的见解，有助于制定有针对性的缓解策略，并提高对洪水易发地区的认识。本研究强调了在洪水风险评估中，特别是在数据稀缺地区，整合地理空间技术和多标准决策分析以增强灾害防范能力和气候适应能力的价值。
