Luo Weihua, Wang Di, Qin Ruixi, Xu Gan, Zhou Liangru
School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2531651. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2531651. Epub 2025 Aug 7.
This study assessed the willingness to pay (WTP), influencing factors, and preferences for HPV vaccine in different regions of China to support pricing and financing strategies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across three provinces. The Vaccine Health Literacy Scale was used to measure vaccine literacy. Iterative bidding games investigated the WTP for 2/4/9-valent vaccines (domestic/imported). Tobit model was used to identify factors influencing WTP, while discrete choice experiment with 12 choice tasks evaluated preferences across five vaccine attributes: protective efficacy (69.1% vs. 92%), origin (domestic vs. imported), price (¥0-4,000), adverse event rate (low vs. high), and vaccination site (community clinic vs. hospital). An information intervention was introduced to explore the impact of information on consumer choices. 783 (99.49%) respondents were willing to vaccinate their children, with high average vaccine literacy among the overall population. The mean WTP for imported 2-valent, 4-valent and 9-valent vaccines were ¥1,929.39, ¥2,507.24, and ¥3,867.90 respectively, and ¥1035.83, ¥2,073.70, and ¥3,350.03 for domestic vaccine. WTP was positively correlated with income, vaccination attitude, and vaccine literacy, and inversely correlated with age ( < .01). Price was the most critical determinant. Consumers strongly preferred for high protective efficacy, imported, low price, low adverse event rate, and vaccination at community clinic. The information intervention did not significantly affect choice preferences ( > .05). WTP was higher than the market price, particularly for imported and higher-valent vaccines. Age, family income, vaccination attitude, and vaccine literacy were the main factors influencing the WTP. Consumers were inclined to choose vaccines that maximized their utility satisfaction and balanced the cost and safety.
本研究评估了中国不同地区对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗的支付意愿（WTP）、影响因素及偏好，以支持定价和融资策略。在三个省份开展了一项横断面调查。采用疫苗健康素养量表来衡量疫苗素养。通过迭代投标博弈研究了对二价/四价/九价疫苗（国产/进口）的支付意愿。使用托比特模型确定影响支付意愿的因素，同时通过包含12个选择任务的离散选择实验评估了消费者对五种疫苗属性的偏好：保护效力（69.1%对92%）、产地（国产对进口）、价格（0至4000元）、不良事件发生率（低对高）以及接种地点（社区诊所对医院）。引入了一项信息干预措施，以探究信息对消费者选择的影响。783名（99.49%）受访者愿意为其子女接种疫苗，总体人群的疫苗素养较高。进口二价、四价和九价疫苗的平均支付意愿分别为1929.39元、2507.24元和3867.90元，国产疫苗分别为1035.83元、2073.70元和3350.03元。支付意愿与收入、接种态度和疫苗素养呈正相关，与年龄呈负相关（<0.01）。价格是最关键的决定因素。消费者强烈偏好高保护效力、进口、低价格、低不良事件发生率以及在社区诊所接种。信息干预对选择偏好没有显著影响（>0.05）。支付意愿高于市场价格，尤其是进口和高价疫苗。年龄、家庭收入、接种态度和疫苗素养是影响支付意愿的主要因素。消费者倾向于选择能使其效用满意度最大化且平衡成本和安全性的疫苗。
