Wenger Grace K, Snyder Deann T, Prigge Justin R, Turner Allyson H, Jaffrani Sara A, Schmidt Edward E, Bruce Emily A, Loveday Emma K
Microbiology and Cell Biology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States.
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
bioRxiv. 2025 Jul 27:2025.07.26.666677. doi: 10.1101/2025.07.26.666677.
The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13) in dairy cattle presents substantial challenges to the agricultural sector and public health. Mechanistic studies of infection and transmission in cattle have proven difficult due to animal handling restrictions as well as limited availability of established cell culture models. Primary Bovine Embryonic Fibroblasts (BeEFs) were collected from a Montana cow and are investigated here as a model to study influenza A virus (IAV) infection dynamics. We compared sialylation profiles, infectious virus production, viral replication, and plaque morphology in both BeEFs and chicken DF-1 cells following infection with the bovine HPAI H5N1 and an earlier 2.3.4.4b genotype (B1.1) isolated in 2022. The data presented here show increased viral fitness of the bovine origin HPAI H5N1 strains across multiple species and bovine susceptibility to human seasonal IAV. This study highlights the ability of BeEFs to serve as a model for studying IAV infections in bovine hosts.
高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1（2.3.4.4b分支，B3.13基因型）在奶牛中出现，给农业部门和公共卫生带来了重大挑战。由于动物处理限制以及现有细胞培养模型的可用性有限，对牛的感染和传播进行机制研究已被证明具有难度。原代牛胚胎成纤维细胞（BeEFs）取自一头蒙大拿州的奶牛，在此作为研究甲型流感病毒（IAV）感染动态的模型进行研究。我们比较了用牛HPAI H5N1和2022年分离的较早的2.3.4.4b基因型（B1.1）感染后，BeEFs和鸡DF - 1细胞中的唾液酸化谱、感染性病毒产生、病毒复制和噬斑形态。此处呈现的数据表明，牛源HPAI H5N1毒株在多个物种中的病毒适应性增强，以及牛对人类季节性IAV的易感性。这项研究突出了BeEFs作为研究牛宿主中IAV感染模型的能力。
