Qureshi Umara Bibi, Mpanya Dineo, Khan Razeeya, Vally Muhammed, Orchard Ané
Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2025 Jul 22;19:100636. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100636. eCollection 2025 Sep.
The increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors like hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipideamia, and obesity underscores the need for proactive screening. Given the insidious progression of these conditions, early detection is paramount. The Screening and Testing Programme for Pharmacy Students (STEPPS) is a pharmacy student-led, work-based learning initiative at the University of the Witwatersrand that provides preventive cardiovascular risk screening to university staff and students.
To identify the occurrence of underlying and uncontrolled risk factors for cardiovascular disease from a convenience sample of participants who attended the STEPPS screening events at the University of the Witwatersrand in year 2022. The study further determined whether the referral of the identified participants led to a diagnosis and intervention.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a screening event called STEPPS at the University of the Witwatersrand. A convenience sample of university staff and students aged 18 years and older who voluntarily participated was included. Fourth-year pharmacy students conducted screenings, including blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, and anthropometric measurements. Participants with abnormal results were referred for further care, and follow-up was conducted via telephone interviews several months later. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in STATA® 18.0.
There was a self-reported occurrence of hypertension (6.5 %), diabetes (2.09 %), dyslipideamia (2.87 %), and obesity (3.91 %). Elevated readings were observed among 136 (18.25 %) participants for blood pressure, 13 (2.83 %) participants for blood glucose and, 50 (11.36 %) participants for blood cholesterol. Among the CVD-related referrals based on abnormal screening results (33 participants), 75 % complied. Of these, 35 % exhibited significant findings, including newly diagnosed cases (43 %), disease escalation (29 %) and lifestyle modifications (29 %). Among follow-up participants, 16 (80 %) participants reported undergoing interventions post-screening.
The student-led initiative effectively identified the occurrences of undiagnosed and uncontrolled cases at the university with 80 % of referrals leading to a medical intervention.
心血管疾病（CVD）以及高血压、2型糖尿病、血脂异常和肥胖等相关危险因素的患病率不断上升，凸显了积极筛查的必要性。鉴于这些疾病的隐匿进展，早期发现至关重要。药学专业学生筛查与检测项目（STEPPS）是威特沃特斯兰德大学一项由药学专业学生主导、基于工作的学习倡议，为大学教职员工和学生提供心血管疾病预防风险筛查。
从2022年参加威特沃特斯兰德大学STEPPS筛查活动的便利样本参与者中，识别心血管疾病潜在和未得到控制的危险因素的发生情况。该研究还进一步确定了所识别参与者的转诊是否导致了诊断和干预。
在威特沃特斯兰德大学名为STEPPS的筛查活动中进行了一项横断面研究。纳入了18岁及以上自愿参与的大学教职员工和学生的便利样本。四年级药学专业学生进行筛查，包括血压、血糖、胆固醇和人体测量。结果异常的参与者被转诊接受进一步治疗，并在几个月后通过电话访谈进行随访。使用STATA® 18.0中的描述性和推断性统计分析定量数据。
自我报告患有高血压的比例为6.5%，糖尿病为2.09%，血脂异常为2.87%，肥胖为3.91%。136名（18.25%）参与者血压读数升高，13名（2.83%）参与者血糖升高，50名（11.36%）参与者血胆固醇升高。在基于异常筛查结果转诊的33名与心血管疾病相关的参与者中，75%接受了转诊。其中，35%有显著发现，包括新诊断病例（43%）、疾病进展（29%）和生活方式改变（29%）。在随访参与者中，16名（80%）参与者报告在筛查后接受了干预。
这项由学生主导的倡议有效地识别了该大学未诊断和未得到控制的病例，80%的转诊导致了医疗干预。
