Shumba Samson, Jacobs Choolwe, Kapembwa Mwila, Miyoba Thomas Osman, Musonda Nedah Chikondi
University of Zambia - Ridgeway Campus, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health.
Afr Health Sci. 2024 Sep;24(3):292-301. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v24i3.33.
Malnutrition in women in reproductive age (WRA) is associated with distinct types of public health problems such as preterm birth, low birth weight, malnourished children, poor psychological health and high mortality. The study aimed at investigating the risk factors associated with underweight, overweight and obesity among WRA and map their spatial distribution.
The study used the 2013/2014 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) data and survey proportional odds model was fitted to the data. Spatial effects were modeled using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) version 2.18.1 to develop univariate choropleth maps.
14,377 WRA were enrolled into the study. Overweight was more prevalent (15.87%) compared to underweight (10.22%) and obesity (6.47%). The findings revealed that a higher wealth index, age, having a car, using contraceptives, being married or divorced similarly increased the odds of being at or beyond a particular category of nutrition status. The spatial analysis also suggested Lusaka and Copperbelt were more prone to overweight and obesity, whereas Western had increased prevalence of underweight.
Appropriate nutritional and economic programs are highly recommended in specific provinces of Zambia. Programs to curb overweight and obesity should be directed more to Lusaka and Copperbelt while underweight programs to Western province.
育龄妇女（WRA）的营养不良与多种公共卫生问题相关，如早产、低出生体重、儿童营养不良、心理健康不佳及高死亡率。该研究旨在调查育龄妇女中体重过轻、超重和肥胖的相关危险因素，并绘制其空间分布图。
该研究使用了2013/2014年赞比亚人口与健康调查（ZDHS）数据，并对数据拟合了调查比例优势模型。利用量子地理信息系统（QGIS）2.18.1版本对空间效应进行建模，以绘制单变量分级统计图。
14377名育龄妇女参与了该研究。超重情况（15.87%）比体重过轻（10.22%）和肥胖（6.47%）更为普遍。研究结果显示，较高的财富指数、年龄、拥有汽车、使用避孕药具、已婚或离异同样会增加处于或超过特定营养状况类别的几率。空间分析还表明，卢萨卡和铜带省更容易出现超重和肥胖，而西部省份体重过轻的患病率较高。
强烈建议在赞比亚的特定省份实施适当的营养和经济项目。控制超重和肥胖的项目应更多地针对卢萨卡和铜带省，而针对西部省份的则是控制体重过轻的项目。
