Xu Yiqun, Zhang Fei, Rothemund Philipp, Keplinger Christoph, Xu Zhipeng, Li Jisen, Zheng Qingbin, Zhu Jian
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China.
Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 8;11(32):eadx1509. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adx1509.
The development of functional soft materials has motivated replacing rigid electronics with stretchable logic structures. However, soft logic gates for macroscopic soft robots usually operate at low frequencies (<5 hertz). Here, we present high-frequency soft logic gates based on soft electric switches with ultralow latency (2 milliseconds). Fast switching is achieved using a tailored piezoresistive material-graphite frameworks (GFs)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). The GFs/PDMS strip exhibits a large resistance change within ~0.01% strain, allowing soft logic gates to operate up to 100 hertz. A soft oscillator is further developed using feedback control with a soft NOT gate and achieves autonomous deformation across ~1 to 78 hertz, demonstrating actuation, sensing, and feedback control capabilities. Compared to other soft electrical switches, this scheme also features a compact size (5 cubic centimeter) and low power consumption (0.4 milliwatts). This work enables fast, accurate control for electrostatic soft robots, enhancing their autonomy and interaction capabilities.
功能性软材料的发展促使人们用可拉伸逻辑结构取代刚性电子器件。然而,用于宏观软机器人的软逻辑门通常在低频(<5赫兹)下运行。在此,我们展示了基于具有超低延迟(2毫秒)的软电开关的高频软逻辑门。使用定制的压阻材料——石墨框架(GFs)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和介电弹性体致动器(DEAs)实现了快速切换。GFs/PDMS条在约0.01%应变范围内表现出较大的电阻变化,使软逻辑门能够在高达100赫兹的频率下运行。利用带有软非门的反馈控制进一步开发了一个软振荡器,并在约1至78赫兹的频率范围内实现了自主变形,展示了驱动、传感和反馈控制能力。与其他软电开关相比,该方案还具有紧凑的尺寸(5立方厘米)和低功耗(0.4毫瓦)。这项工作为静电软机器人实现了快速、精确的控制,增强了它们的自主性和交互能力。
J Mater Chem C Mater. 2025-6-20
J Mater Chem B. 2025-7-16
IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med. 2025-4-10
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2025-11-15
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017-12-12
Nat Comput Sci. 2024-8
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024-4-2
Sci Robot. 2024-1-31
Nat Commun. 2023-4-3
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022-10-4
Nature. 2022-8
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022-8-30