Del Real Deisy, Ramirez Blanca A
University of Southern California, USA.
The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
Curr Sociol. 2024 Jul 23. doi: 10.1177/00113921241260430.
Homeland conditions shape how migrants and refugees perceive the purpose and impact of their remittances (i.e. financial support). Countries of origin with low violence and stable conditions allow migrants to remit with hopes of improving their non-migrant relatives' long-term material circumstances, while homelands with armed conflict limit remittance objectives to securing recipients' immediate safety and basic survival. However, scholarship has under-theorized how homelands with widespread structural violence-economic devastation resulting in deprivation for most of the population-impact migrants' remittance practices and perceptions. Drawing on in-depth interviews with forced Venezuelan migrants in Chile and Argentina-whose homeland has an emerging autocrat and economic sanctions that have resulted in widespread structural violence-we find that interviewees are highly concerned about relatives' survival in Venezuela. They remit with resignation to secure relatives' bare subsistence while grappling with their inability to counter the economic deterioration, infrastructural decay, and essential goods shortages that are decreasing their relatives' lifespan. Broadly, findings indicate that widespread structural violence reshapes migrants' transnational care; as deprivation spreads in the homeland, migrants are increasingly aware that the impact of their remittances is diminishing and seek to fulfill their relatives' immediate basic needs.
祖国的状况塑造了移民和难民对其汇款（即经济支持）目的和影响的认知。暴力程度低且状况稳定的原籍国使移民汇款时希望改善非移民亲属的长期物质状况，而存在武装冲突的祖国则将汇款目标限制在确保受援者的即时安全和基本生存上。然而，学术界对存在广泛结构性暴力（经济破坏导致大多数人口贫困）的祖国如何影响移民的汇款行为和认知缺乏理论阐述。通过对在智利和阿根廷的被迫委内瑞拉移民进行深入访谈——他们的祖国出现了独裁者且实施了经济制裁，导致了广泛的结构性暴力——我们发现受访者高度关注委内瑞拉亲属的生存。他们无奈地汇款以确保亲属的基本生存，同时努力应对无法扭转经济恶化、基础设施衰败和基本物资短缺的局面，这些正缩短着亲属的寿命。总体而言，研究结果表明广泛的结构性暴力重塑了移民的跨国关怀；随着祖国贫困状况的蔓延，移民越来越意识到他们汇款的影响正在减弱，并试图满足亲属的即时基本需求。
