Wang Jing, Bai Xiaoyan, Lin Keke, Sun Chao, Wu Quanying, Zhang Ruiting, Liu Yu
School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Nursing Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 25;13:1562186. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1562186. eCollection 2025.
Due to aging, the use of antidiabetic drugs, and dietary restrictions following a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the social interactions of older adults with T2DM are often limited. As a result, this population experiences a higher incidence of social isolation than the general older adult population. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of social isolation among older adults with T2DM using a structural equation model.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and November 2023. A total of 496 older adults with T2DM were recruited from hospitals or community health service centers in Beijing to investigate their social isolation status and related factors. The Lubben Social Network Scale-6, along with related scales, was used for data collection. The effects of different factors on social isolation were determined using a path analysis.
Among 496 older adults with T2DM, 227 reported social isolation, resulting in a prevalence rate of 45.77%. Activity of daily living, cognitive function, loneliness, exercise management, smoking, social support, and social participation are all directly related to social isolation. Additionally, six factors-activity of daily living, loneliness, depression, diet management, blood glucose monitoring, and social support-were related to social isolation through social participation.
The incidence of social isolation among older adults with T2DM is high. For them, activities of daily living, loneliness, and social support are significant factors in their social isolation since they are directly or indirectly related to social isolation. Meanwhile, diabetes self-management, such as diet management, exercise management, blood glucose management, and smoking, is directly or indirectly related to social isolation. For older adults with T2DM, the important intermediary role of social participation between the factors and social isolation should be given due attention.
由于衰老、抗糖尿病药物的使用以及2型糖尿病（T2DM）诊断后的饮食限制，老年T2DM患者的社交互动往往受到限制。因此，该人群的社会隔离发生率高于一般老年人群。本研究旨在使用结构方程模型分析老年T2DM患者社会隔离的患病率及其影响因素。
于2023年1月至11月进行了一项横断面研究。从北京的医院或社区卫生服务中心招募了496名老年T2DM患者，以调查他们的社会隔离状况及相关因素。使用鲁本社会网络量表-6及相关量表进行数据收集。通过路径分析确定不同因素对社会隔离的影响。
在496名老年T2DM患者中，227名报告有社会隔离，患病率为45.77%。日常生活活动能力、认知功能、孤独感、运动管理、吸烟、社会支持和社会参与均与社会隔离直接相关。此外，日常生活活动能力、孤独感、抑郁、饮食管理、血糖监测和社会支持这六个因素通过社会参与与社会隔离相关。
老年T2DM患者的社会隔离发生率较高。对他们来说，日常生活活动能力、孤独感和社会支持是其社会隔离的重要因素，因为它们直接或间接与社会隔离相关。同时，糖尿病自我管理，如饮食管理、运动管理、血糖管理和吸烟，与社会隔离直接或间接相关。对于老年T2DM患者，应充分重视社会参与在这些因素与社会隔离之间的重要中介作用。
