Sewale Yihenew, Ayenew Kassahun Dires
Department of Adult Health Nursing, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science, Debre Birhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmacy, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
AIDS Res Treat. 2025 Aug 4;2025:9916549. doi: 10.1155/arat/9916549. eCollection 2025.
Influence of dietary diversity is particularly concerning for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as they are more vulnerable to opportunistic infections. However, information on influence of dietary diversity in this study area remains scarce. Thus, this study aims to assess the influence of dietary diversity and its associated factors among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 participants between February and March 2023. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and a standardized checklist for ART. Data entry was performed using EpiData Version 3.1, and analysis was conducted using STATA Version 25. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary diversity, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) reported at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a significance level of < 0.05. The proportion of patients with adequate dietary diversity was 218 (52.9%; 95% CI: 48.1-58). Factors significantly associated with dietary diversity included educational status (AOR: 0.414, 95% CI: 0.174-0.985), family size of 4-6 (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.18-2.95), and WHO clinical stage III or IV (AOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-2.34). The study found that nearly half of HIV-infected adult patients had an undiversified diet. Occupation being housewives and drivers, educational status of unable to write and read, WHO advanced HIV stage III and IV, and family size of 4-6 were statically significant factors associated with undiversified diet. We strongly recommend that policymakers, researchers, and nongovernmental organizations collaborate to implement holistic nutritional interventions to address dietary challenges and improve the overall health of people living with HIV/AIDS.
饮食多样性的影响对于感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的个体而言尤其值得关注，因为他们更容易受到机会性感染。然而，关于该研究领域饮食多样性影响的信息仍然匮乏。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚接受抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的HIV感染成年人的饮食多样性及其相关因素。2023年2月至3月期间，在412名参与者中开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究。通过访谈员管理的结构化问卷和ART标准化清单收集数据。使用EpiData 3.1版本进行数据录入，并使用STATA 25版本进行分析。采用多变量逻辑回归来确定与饮食多样性相关的因素，调整后的优势比（AOR）以95%置信区间（CI）报告，显著性水平<0.05。饮食多样性充足的患者比例为218人（52.9%；95%CI：48.1 - 58）。与饮食多样性显著相关的因素包括教育程度（AOR：0.414，95%CI：0.174 - 0.985）、家庭规模为4 - 6人（AOR：1.87，95%CI：1.18 - 2.95）以及世界卫生组织临床分期III或IV期（AOR：1.19，95%CI：1.09 - 2.34）。研究发现，近一半的HIV感染成年患者饮食单一。家庭主妇和司机职业、无法读写的教育程度、世界卫生组织HIV晚期III和IV期以及家庭规模为4 - 6人是与饮食单一相关的统计学显著因素。我们强烈建议政策制定者、研究人员和非政府组织合作实施全面的营养干预措施，以应对饮食挑战并改善HIV/AIDS感染者的整体健康状况。
