Application of the angular indication measurement and foraging interactive D-prime paradigms to tablet-based color vision testing.

Numerous computer-based tests are available for evaluating color vision deficiencies (CVD). Here we demonstrate the application of two paradigms-the angular indication measurement (AIM) and the foraging interactive D-prime (FInD)-to a tablet-based assessment of color detection and discrimination. Comparison between the anomaloscope and all other tests, including the CCT, the Mollon-Reffin test, and the AIM and FInD tests, showed good agreement in identifying color deficiencies. The defect-type classification revealed that AIM color discrimination showed the highest agreement with anomaloscopy, whereas AIM color detection showed the lowest agreement. The combination of either AIM or FInD detection and discrimination data resulted in an even better agreement than any single test. The results suggest that the AIM and FInD tablet tests provide relatively rapid, useful, and informative CVD screening with portability suitable for field research and the clinic.