de Brito Raissa Nogueira, Tanner Susan, Runk Julie Velásquez, Gottdenker Nicole L, Reina Adelys, Rodríguez Ayesha, Rigg Chystrie, Mendieta Daniel, Schmidt John P, Hoyos Juliana, González Kadir, Archbold Kimberly, Hall Richard J, Gómez Tania, Pineda Vanessa, Vásquez Vanessa, Calzada Jose E, Saldaña Azael
Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Aug 12;19(8):e0013365. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013365. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Understanding why people adopt or ignore vector-borne disease (VBD) preventive measures is key to better risk assessment and control. However, little is known about why some households adopt preventive practices while others do not, which is particularly striking in this era of One Health's attention to human, environmental, and animal health. We examined what household factors are linked to practices that may reduce exposure to disease vectors, with a focus on Chagas disease (CD) and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) vectors. We surveyed 204 households in 12 rural communities in Coclé Province, Republic of Panama, between March 2022 and December 2023. We used logistic regression models to explore the association between household contextual elements, such as respondents' sex, wealth (consumer goods and agricultural), knowledge about ACL and CD, feelings about insects, and perceptions of control over health outcomes, and personal (use of repellents, and hand protection before touching a CD vector) and property-based behaviors (use of insecticides in the house, use of windows/doors screens, and cleaning peridomestic debris) that may reduce exposure to disease vectors. We found mixed associations between protective behaviors and the contextual household elements. Participants who reported feeling bothered by insects were more likely to use repellents (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.97 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 1.47-6.20), whereas those who reported being in control of their health were less likely to use protection before touching a CD vector (OR = 0.8, CI: 0.67-0.95). Window/door screens were associated with more household consumer goods wealth (OR: 1.44; CI: 1.23-1.71), while households with a history of ACL cases were more likely to have peridomestic debris accumulation (OR: 2.33; CI: 1.17-4.75). Additionally, householders bothered by insects were less likely to have peridomestic debris (OR: 0.42; CI: 0.20-0.84), as well as those who believe health outcomes happen by chance (OR: 0.89; CI: 0.82-0.98). Our findings emphasize the importance of considering a more comprehensive household background and attention to cultural values to foster context-sensitive strategies for vector-borne pathogen prevention and control.
了解人们为何采取或忽视病媒传播疾病（VBD）预防措施是更好地进行风险评估和控制的关键。然而，对于为何一些家庭采取预防措施而另一些家庭却不这样做，我们知之甚少，在“同一健康”关注人类、环境和动物健康的这个时代，这一点尤为突出。我们研究了哪些家庭因素与可能减少接触病媒的行为有关，重点关注恰加斯病（CD）和美洲皮肤利什曼病（ACL）的病媒。2022年3月至2023年12月期间，我们对巴拿马共和国科克莱省12个农村社区的204户家庭进行了调查。我们使用逻辑回归模型来探究家庭背景因素之间的关联，比如受访者的性别、财富（消费品和农产品）、对ACL和CD的了解、对昆虫的感受以及对健康结果可控性的认知，以及个人行为（使用驱虫剂，在接触CD病媒前进行手部防护）和基于财产的行为（在房屋内使用杀虫剂、使用门窗纱窗以及清理家畜圈舍周围的杂物），这些行为可能会减少接触病媒。我们发现保护行为与家庭背景因素之间存在复杂的关联。报告称受到昆虫困扰的参与者更有可能使用驱虫剂（优势比[OR]：2.97；95%置信区间[95%CI]：1.47 - 6.20），而那些报告称能掌控自身健康的参与者在接触CD病媒前使用防护措施的可能性较小（OR = 0.8，CI：0.67 - 0.95）。门窗纱窗的使用与更多的家庭消费品财富相关（OR：1.44；CI：1.23 - 1.71），而有ACL病例史的家庭更有可能存在家畜圈舍周围杂物堆积的情况（OR：2.33；CI：1.17 - 4.75）。此外，受到昆虫困扰的住户以及那些认为健康结果是偶然发生的住户，家畜圈舍周围有杂物的可能性较小（OR：0.42；CI：0.20 - 0.84；OR：0.89；CI：0.82 - 0.98）。我们的研究结果强调了考虑更全面的家庭背景以及关注文化价值观对于制定因地制宜的病媒传播病原体预防和控制策略的重要性。
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