Mudassar Hifsa, Hina Kiran, Ghani Usman, Afzaal Qadeer, Shah Anis Ali, Shaffique Shifa, Elansary Hosam O
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
School of Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 12;15(1):29517. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13228-4.
The discharge of lead (Pb) from industries, which is harmful to water, human health and food chain, poses a serious risk. Due to the remarkable ability of ZnO biochar nanocomposite to remove Pb²⁺ from wastewater, it gained significant attention in environmental research. This study was conducted to determine how effectively the prepared ZnO-Biochar nanocomposite removed Pb²⁺ from wastewater. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the functional groups and surface morphology of the ZnO-Biochar nanocomposite, respectively. The structure of ZnO-Biochar nanocomposite with rough and porous surface performed the positive association in surface adsorption of Pb²⁺ pollutant. A batch-experimentation conducted under a variety of conditions, including initial Pb²⁺ concentration (50-200 mg L⁻¹), adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.25 g), pH (2-12), and contact time (0-240 min) to evaluate the removal rates as well as adsorption capacities, within an emphasis on environmental impact. This study proves that ZnO-Biochar nanocomposite has a 90.30% removal rate for Pb²⁺. The ZnO-Biochar nanocomposite proved an impressive maximum adsorption capacity (q) of 79.302 mg/g, as determined through the implementation of the Langmuir model. A linear pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model having R values of 0.867 and 0.899 respectively, show the best fit for the experimental data concerning Pb²⁺. Experiments conducted in this work demonstrate the exciting potential of the prepared material for promoting sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater.
工业中铅（Pb）的排放对水、人类健康和食物链有害，构成了严重风险。由于ZnO生物炭纳米复合材料具有从废水中去除Pb²⁺的卓越能力，它在环境研究中受到了广泛关注。本研究旨在确定制备的ZnO-生物炭纳米复合材料从废水中去除Pb²⁺的效果有多好。分别使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来检测ZnO-生物炭纳米复合材料的官能团和表面形态。具有粗糙多孔表面的ZnO-生物炭纳米复合材料结构在Pb²⁺污染物的表面吸附中表现出正相关。在多种条件下进行了批量实验，包括初始Pb²⁺浓度（50 - 200 mg L⁻¹）、吸附剂用量（0.05 - 0.25 g）、pH值（2 - 12）和接触时间（0 - 240分钟），以评估去除率和吸附容量，并重点关注环境影响。本研究证明ZnO-生物炭纳米复合材料对Pb²⁺的去除率为90.30%。通过实施朗缪尔模型确定，ZnO-生物炭纳米复合材料的最大吸附容量（q）高达79.302 mg/g。线性伪一级和伪二级模型的R值分别为0.867和0.899，对关于Pb²⁺的实验数据拟合效果最佳。本工作中进行的实验证明了所制备材料在促进工业废水可持续处理方面的巨大潜力。
