Liu Yuan-Yuan, Sun Yong-Yue, Guo Yuan, Chen Lu-Lu, Guo Jun-Hao, Wang Haifang
Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Aug 3;15(15):1189. doi: 10.3390/nano15151189.
The biological effects of nanoparticles are closely related to their intracellular content and location, both of which are influenced by various factors. This study investigates the effects of surface charge on the uptake, intracellular distribution, and exocytosis of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in Raw264.7 macrophages. Negatively charged 3-mercaptopropanoic acid functionalized QDs (QDs-MPA) show higher cellular uptake than positively charged 2-mercaptoethylamine functionalized QDs (QDs-MEA), and serum enhances the uptake of both types of QDs via protein corona-mediated receptor endocytosis. QDs-MEA primarily enter the cells through clathrin/caveolae-mediated pathways and predominantly accumulate in lysosomes, while QDs-MPA are mainly internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and localize to both lysosomes and mitochondria. Exocytosis of QDs-MPA is faster and more efficient than that of QDs-MEA, though both exhibit limited excretion. In addition to endocytosis and exocytosis, cell division influences intracellular QD content over time. These results reveal the charge-dependent interactions between QDs and macrophages, providing a basis for designing biocompatible nanomaterials.
纳米颗粒的生物学效应与其细胞内含量和定位密切相关，而这两者均受多种因素影响。本研究调查了表面电荷对Raw264.7巨噬细胞中CdSe/ZnS量子点（QDs）的摄取、细胞内分布和胞吐作用的影响。带负电荷的3-巯基丙酸功能化量子点（QDs-MPA）比带正电荷的2-巯基乙胺功能化量子点（QDs-MEA）表现出更高的细胞摄取率，并且血清通过蛋白质冠介导的受体胞吞作用增强了这两种类型量子点的摄取。QDs-MEA主要通过网格蛋白/小窝介导的途径进入细胞，并主要积聚在溶酶体中，而QDs-MPA主要通过网格蛋白介导的胞吞作用内化，并定位于溶酶体和线粒体。QDs-MPA的胞吐作用比QDs-MEA更快且更有效，尽管两者的排泄都有限。除了胞吞作用和胞吐作用外，细胞分裂还会随时间影响细胞内量子点的含量。这些结果揭示了量子点与巨噬细胞之间的电荷依赖性相互作用，为设计生物相容性纳米材料提供了依据。
