Molina-Fernández María, Santos Silva Albert, Prado Feitosa Rodrigo, Silva-Filho Edson C, Osajima Josy A, Medina-Carrasco Santiago, Orta Cuevas María Del Mar
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain.
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avançados, LIMAV, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, PPGCM, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Aug 7;15(15):1211. doi: 10.3390/nano15151211.
The increasing shortage of drinking water, driven by reduced rainfall and the intensification of industrial and agricultural activities, has raised justified concerns about the quantity and quality of available water resources. These sectors not only demand high water consumption but also discharge large amounts of toxic substances such as organic matter, metal ions and inorganic anions, posing risks to both public health and the environment. This study evaluated the effectiveness of clay-based nanomaterials in the treatment of contaminated industrial wastewater from the mining sector. The materials tested included montmorillonite, high-loading expandable synthetic mica, and their organically functionalized forms (MMT, Mica-Na-4, C18-MMT, and C18-Mica-4). The experimental results show that these clays had minimal impact on the pH of the water, while a notable decrease in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed. Ion chromatography indicated an increase in nitrogen and sulfur compounds with higher oxidation states. Inductively coupled plasma analysis revealed a significant reduction in the calcium concentration and an increase in the sodium concentration, likely due to cation exchange mechanisms. However, the removal of copper and iron was ineffective, possibly due to competitive interactions with other cations in the solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structural modifications and interlayer spacing changes in the clay materials upon exposure to contaminated water. These findings demonstrate the potential of clay minerals as effective and low-cost materials for the remediation of industrial wastewater.
降雨减少以及工农业活动加剧导致饮用水短缺问题日益严重，这引发了人们对可用水资源数量和质量的合理担忧。这些行业不仅用水量大，还排放大量有毒物质，如有机物、金属离子和无机阴离子，对公众健康和环境都构成风险。本研究评估了粘土基纳米材料处理采矿业受污染工业废水的效果。测试的材料包括蒙脱石、高负载可膨胀合成云母及其有机功能化形式（MMT、Mica-Na-4、C18-MMT和C18-Mica-4）。实验结果表明，这些粘土对水的pH值影响极小，而化学需氧量（COD）显著降低。离子色谱显示氧化态较高的氮和硫化合物有所增加。电感耦合等离子体分析表明钙浓度显著降低，钠浓度增加，这可能是由于阳离子交换机制。然而，铜和铁的去除效果不佳，可能是由于与溶液中其他阳离子的竞争相互作用。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线衍射（XRD）证实了粘土材料在接触受污染水后结构发生改变且层间距变化。这些发现表明粘土矿物作为修复工业废水的有效且低成本材料具有潜力。
