Vilček Jozef, Torma Stanislav, Koco Štefan, Halas Ján
Department of Geography and Applied Geoinformatics, University of Prešov, Prešov, 08001, Slovakia.
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Prešov, 08001, Slovakia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 13;15(1):29681. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15958-x.
The analysis of the suitability of soils for rapeseed (Brassica napus, subsp. napus L.) cultivation in Slovakia showed that there are enough soils suitable for its effective cultivation. Of the total area of agricultural land in Slovakia, 23% is potentially very suitable, 31% is suitable, 14% is less suitable, and 32% is unsuitable soils for rapeseed growing. Spatial analysis of rapeseed areas declared by farmers in the GeoSpatial Aid Application database system showed that 30% of the areas are in land plots with an area of less than 5 ha and 25% of the areas are located in plots with an area between 10 and 25 ha. Rapeseed as subsequent crop was grown after wheat in 68% of cases and after barley in 27% of cases. Rapeseed as fore crop was used for wheat in 71% of cases, for barley in 14% and for maize in 9%. In the period since 2018 to 2023, in fact, rapeseed was actually grown on very suitable (50.1%) and suitable (39.0%) soils for its cultivation. The analysis of the pedological parameters of the soils executed by geographic information systems showed the trend of its dominant cultivation on high-quality soils such as Chernozem (20.5%), Haplic Luvisols (19.4%), Eutric Luvisol (17.8%) and Mollic Fluvisol (10.1%). Rapeseed is no longer grown on slopes above 7 degrees. Areas on a plane up to one degree (43.4%), an undulating plane from 1 to 3 degree (27.7%) and a gentle slope from 3 to 7 degree (25.6%) dominate. Of the grain size categories, loamy soils are the most represented (69.4%), followed by clay-loamy soils (17.9%), and sandy-loamy soils (5.7%). Concerning soil deep and gravely content, deep soils without a gravely (85.7%) absolutely dominate.
对斯洛伐克适合种植油菜（甘蓝型油菜，甘蓝型油菜亚种L.）的土壤分析表明，有足够适合其高效种植的土壤。在斯洛伐克的农业用地总面积中，23%的土地潜在地非常适合，31%适合，14%不太适合，32%不适合种植油菜。在地理空间援助应用数据库系统中农民申报的油菜种植面积的空间分析表明，30%的种植面积位于面积小于5公顷的地块，25%的种植面积位于面积在10至25公顷之间的地块。油菜作为后作作物，68%的情况下是在小麦之后种植，27%的情况下是在大麦之后种植。油菜作为前作作物，71%的情况下用于种植小麦，14%用于种植大麦，9%用于种植玉米。事实上，在2018年至2023年期间，油菜实际种植在非常适合（50.1%）和适合（39.0%）其种植的土壤上。通过地理信息系统对土壤的土壤学参数分析表明，其主要种植趋势是在优质土壤上，如黑钙土（20.5%）、简育淋溶土（19.4%）、饱和淋溶土（17.8%）和松软冲积土（10.1%）。油菜不再在7度以上的斜坡上种植。平面至1度的区域（43.4%）、1至3度的起伏平面区域（27.7%）和3至7度的缓坡区域（25.6%）占主导。在粒度类别中，壤土占比最大（69.4%），其次是粘壤土（17.9%）和砂壤土（5.7%）。关于土壤深度和砾石含量，无砾石的深层土壤（85.7%）绝对占主导。
