怀孕会降低新冠疫苗对新型变体的免疫力。

Pregnancy reduces COVID-19 vaccine immunity against novel variants.

作者信息

Parish Maclaine A, Sachithanandham Jaiprasath, Gutierrez Lizeth, Park Han-Sol, Yin Anna, Roznik Katerina, Creisher Patrick, Lee John S, St Clair Laura A, Werner Annie, Pilgrim-Grayson Catherine, Berhane Lea, Golding Hana, Shea Patrick, Fenstermacher Katherine, Rothman Richard, Burd Irina, Sheffield Jeanne, Cox Andrea L, Pekosz Andrew, Klein Sabra L

机构信息

W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

出版信息

NPJ Vaccines. 2025 Aug 13;10(1):191. doi: 10.1038/s41541-025-01236-4.

DOI:10.1038/s41541-025-01236-4

PMID:40804265

Abstract

Pregnant women are at heightened risk for severe outcomes from infectious diseases like COVID-19, yet were not included in initial vaccine trials, which may contribute to low booster uptake (15% or lower). We explored the serological and cellular responses to COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccines (i.e., ancestral and BA.5) in pregnant and age-matched, non-pregnant females to identify how pregnancy affects immunity against the vaccine and novel variants. Antibodies from pregnant women were less cross-reactive to non-vaccine antigens, including XBB.1.5 and JN.1. Non-pregnant females showed greater IgG1:IgG3 ratios and neutralization against all variants. In contrast, pregnant women had lower IgG1:IgG3 ratios and neutralization but increased antibody-dependent NK cell cytokine production and neutrophil phagocytosis, especially against novel variants. Pregnancy increased memory CD4+ T cells, IFNγ production, monofunctional dominance, and fatty acid oxidation. Pregnancy may reduce the breadth, composition, and magnitude of humoral and cellular immunity, particularly in response to novel variants.

摘要

孕妇感染新冠病毒等传染病后出现严重后果的风险更高，但她们未被纳入最初的疫苗试验，这可能导致加强针接种率较低（15%或更低）。我们研究了孕妇和年龄匹配的非孕妇对新冠病毒mRNA加强疫苗（即原始毒株和BA.5）的血清学和细胞反应，以确定怀孕如何影响对疫苗和新变种的免疫力。孕妇的抗体与非疫苗抗原（包括XBB.1.5和JN.1）的交叉反应性较低。非孕妇的IgG1:IgG3比值更高，对所有变种的中和作用更强。相比之下，孕妇的IgG1:IgG3比值和中和作用较低，但抗体依赖性NK细胞细胞因子产生和中性粒细胞吞噬作用增加，尤其是对新变种。怀孕增加了记忆CD4+T细胞、IFNγ产生、单功能优势和脂肪酸氧化。怀孕可能会降低体液免疫和细胞免疫的广度、组成和强度，尤其是对新变种的反应。