Tohamy Hebat-Allah S, Koriem Adel, El-Nashar Doaa E
Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth Str, P.O. 12622, Dokki Giza, Egypt.
Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth Str, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Dokki Giza, Egypt.
BMC Chem. 2025 Aug 13;19(1):239. doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01601-3.
The goal of this work is to prevent environmental pollution resulted from burned agriculture waste, offering a pathway with the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions compared to direct combustion of sugarcane bagasse. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are produced by acid hydrolyzing cellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse. It serves as a reinforcing filler within the ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber matrix. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to examine morphology, thermal properties and crystallinity respectively. The empirical crystallinity (LOI) and average hydrogen bond strength (MHBS) were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). It was discovered that (CNC) is lower than CNC for both LOI and MHBS, demonstrating the breakdown of cellulose into CNCs. Two roll-mill was used to prepare EPDM/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) nanocomposites. Two to ten parts of CNC per hundred rubbers were used. Curing characteristics, mechanical testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), equilibrium swelling, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the EPDM/(CNC) nanocomposites. SEM pictures, show that some clumping, particularly at higher percentages of (CNC), and a uniform dispersion of (CNC) at 8 phr. It has been demonstrated that when the loading of CNCs increases, the cure time lowers and cure rate index increased, simulating a shorter industrial production cycle. In comparison to EPDM at 8 phr (CNC) loading, Additionally, the results showed an increase in tensile strength from 2.68 to 10.82 MPa i.e. increased by 403.7% and increasing in elongation at break by 233.47%. Also the hardness increased to about 83.33%. The modulus at 50, 100, and 200%, as well as a decrease in equilibrium swelling that confirm the mechanical testing. So, the prepared (CNC) may be enhanced the mechanical properties of the evaluated nanocomposites comparing to EPDM vulcanizates free.
这项工作的目标是防止农业废弃物焚烧造成的环境污染，提供一条与甘蔗渣直接燃烧相比有潜力减少二氧化碳排放的途径。纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）是通过酸水解从甘蔗渣中获得的纤维素而制备的。它在乙丙二烯单体（EPDM）橡胶基体中作为增强填料。分别采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热重分析（TGA）和X射线衍射（XRD）来检测形态、热性能和结晶度。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）测定纤维素和纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）的经验结晶度（LOI）和平均氢键强度（MHBS）。结果发现，对于LOI和MHBS而言，（CNC）均低于CNC，这表明纤维素分解成了CNC。使用双辊炼胶机制备EPDM/纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）纳米复合材料。每百份橡胶中使用2至10份CNC。采用硫化特性、力学测试、热重分析（TGA）、平衡溶胀和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来评估EPDM/（CNC）纳米复合材料。SEM图片显示，存在一些团聚现象，特别是在（CNC）含量较高时，而在8份/百份橡胶（phr）时（CNC）分散均匀。已经证明，当CNC的用量增加时，硫化时间缩短，硫化速率指数增加，这意味着工业生产周期缩短。与8 phr（CNC）用量的EPDM相比，此外，结果显示拉伸强度从2.68 MPa增加到10.82 MPa，即增加了403.7%，断裂伸长率增加了233.47%。硬度也增加到约83.33%。50%、100%和200%伸长率下的模量以及平衡溶胀的降低证实了力学测试结果。因此，与未添加的EPDM硫化胶相比，所制备 的（CNC）可以提高所评估纳米复合材料的力学性能。
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