Mamidi Narsimha, Delgadillo Ramiro M V, Sustaita Alan O, Lozano Karen, Yallapu Murali M
School of Pharmacy, Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México.
Med Res Rev. 2025 Mar;45(2):576-628. doi: 10.1002/med.22082. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
Nanocomposite materials are emerging as key players in addressing critical challenges in healthcare, energy storage, and environmental remediation. These innovative systems hold great promise in engineering effective solutions for complex problems. Nanocomposites have demonstrated various advantages such as simplicity, versatility, lightweight, and potential cost-effectiveness. By reinforcing synthetic and natural polymers with nanomaterials, a range of nanocomposites have exhibited unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Current research on nanocomposites has demonstrated promising clinical and translational applications. Over the past decade, the production of nanocomposites has emerged as a critical nano-structuring methodology due to their adaptability and controllable surface structure. This comprehensive review article systematically addresses two principal domains. A comprehensive survey of metallic and nonmetallic nanomaterials (nanofillers), elucidating their efficacy as reinforcing agents in polymeric matrices. Emphasis is placed on the methodical design and engineering principles governing the development of functional nanocomposites. Additionally, the review provides an exhaustive examination of recent noteworthy advancements in industrial, environmental, biomedical, and clinical applications within the realms of nanocomposite materials. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting the ongoing challenges facing nanocomposites in a wide range of applications.
纳米复合材料正成为应对医疗保健、能量存储和环境修复等关键挑战的关键角色。这些创新系统在为复杂问题设计有效解决方案方面具有巨大潜力。纳米复合材料已展现出多种优势，如简单性、多功能性、轻质以及潜在的成本效益。通过用纳米材料增强合成聚合物和天然聚合物，一系列纳米复合材料展现出独特的物理化学性质、生物相容性和生物降解性。目前对纳米复合材料的研究已显示出有前景的临床和转化应用。在过去十年中，由于纳米复合材料的适应性和可控表面结构，其生产已成为一种关键的纳米结构化方法。这篇综合性综述文章系统地探讨了两个主要领域。对金属和非金属纳米材料（纳米填料）进行全面调查，阐明它们作为聚合物基体增强剂的功效。重点在于指导功能性纳米复合材料开发的系统设计和工程原理。此外，该综述对纳米复合材料在工业、环境、生物医学和临床应用领域的近期显著进展进行了详尽考察。最后，综述通过强调纳米复合材料在广泛应用中面临的持续挑战来作总结。
