Chen Yong-Hsin, Jong Gwo-Ping, Yang Ching-Wen, Lee Chiu-Hsiang
Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jul 30;13(15):1859. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13151859.
Overtime adversely affects physical and mental health, contributing to irritability, anxiety, reduced sleep, and even cardiovascular issues, ultimately lowering care quality and increasing turnover intentions. This study aimed to investigate whether prolonged overtime increases the risk of occupational burnout over time among healthcare workers. We conducted a four-year longitudinal observational study using secondary data from annual surveys (2021-2024) of healthcare workers at a medical university hospital in Taichung, Taiwan. Burnout was assessed using the personal burnout (PB) scale from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), with high PB levels (HPBL) defined as scores in the upper quartile of the 2021 baseline. Survival analysis utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression investigated burnout progression and the effects of overtime. HPBL was defined as PB scores ≥45.83 (upper quartile in 2021). The proportions of HPBL were 30.28% (2021), 33.29% (2022), 36.75% (2023), and 32.51% (2024). Survival analysis confirmed that the risk of burnout increased over time, with the survival time estimated at 2.50 ± 0.03 years and lower survival probabilities observed among participants working overtime (Log-rank test, < 0.0001). Multivariate logistics revealed overtime work, female gender, being a physician/nurse, and reduced sleep as independent risk factors for HPBL (OR = 3.14 for overtime, < 0.001). These findings support the hypotheses on burnout progression and the impact of overtime. Overtime significantly heightens the risk of burnout, which worsens over time. Female sex, healthcare roles, obesity, and insufficient sleep are additional risk factors. Limiting overtime and proactive interventions are crucial to preventing burnout in healthcare workers.
长期加班会对身心健康产生不利影响，导致易怒、焦虑、睡眠减少，甚至引发心血管问题，最终降低护理质量并增加离职意愿。本研究旨在调查长期加班是否会随着时间的推移增加医护人员职业倦怠的风险。我们利用台湾台中市一所医学大学附属医院医护人员年度调查（2021 - 2024年）的二手数据进行了一项为期四年的纵向观察研究。使用哥本哈根倦怠量表（CBI）中的个人倦怠（PB）量表评估倦怠情况，高个人倦怠水平（HPBL）定义为2021年基线的上四分位数得分。采用Kaplan - Meier方法和Cox回归进行生存分析，以研究倦怠进展情况和加班的影响。HPBL定义为PB得分≥45.83（2021年上四分位数）。HPBL的比例分别为30.28%（2021年）、33.29%（2022年）、36.75%（2023年）和32.51%（2024年）。生存分析证实，倦怠风险随时间增加，生存时间估计为2.50±0.03年，且加班的参与者生存概率较低（对数秩检验，<0.0001）。多变量逻辑分析显示，加班工作、女性性别、作为医生/护士以及睡眠减少是HPBL的独立危险因素（加班的OR = 3.14，<0.001）。这些发现支持了关于倦怠进展和加班影响的假设。加班显著增加了倦怠风险，且随着时间的推移情况会恶化。女性性别、医疗角色、肥胖和睡眠不足是其他危险因素。限制加班和积极干预对于预防医护人员的倦怠至关重要。
