Delmas Eve, Bingula Rea, Del'homme Christophe, Meunier Nathalie, Caille Aurélie, Lyon-Belgy Noëlle, Richard Ruddy, Do Couto Maria Gloria, Wittrant Yohann, Bernalier-Donadille Annick
UMR454 MEDIS, Université Clermont Auvergne/INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne/INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 22;17(15):2389. doi: 10.3390/nu17152389.
An increasing number of apparently healthy individuals are adhering to a gluten-free lifestyle without any underlying medical indications, although the evidence for the health benefits in these individuals remains unclear. Although it has already been shown that a low- or gluten-free diet alters the gut microbiota, few studies have examined the effects of this diet on healthy subjects. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate whether and how a prolonged low-gluten diet impacts gut microbiota composition and function in healthy adults, bearing in mind its intimate link to the host's health. Forty healthy volunteers habitually consuming a gluten-containing diet (HGD, high-gluten diet) were included in a randomised control trial consisting of two successive 8-week dietary intervention periods on a low-gluten diet (LGD). After each 8-week period, gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, molecular quantification by qPCR, and a cultural approach, while its metabolic capacity was evaluated through measuring faecal fermentative metabolites by H NMR. A prolonged period of LGD for 16 weeks reduced gut microbiota richness and decreased the relative abundance of bacterial species with previously reported potential health benefits such as and sp. A decrease in certain plant cell wall polysaccharide-degrading species was also observed. While there was no major modification affecting the main short-chain fatty acid profiles, the concentration of the intermediate metabolite, ethanol, was increased in faecal samples. A 16-week LGD significantly altered both composition and metabolic production of the gut microbiota in healthy individuals, towards a more dysbiotic profile previously linked to adverse effects on the host's health. Therefore, the evaluation of longer-term LDG would consolidate these results and enable a more in-depth examination of its impact on the host's physiology, immunity, and metabolism.
越来越多表面健康的人在没有任何潜在医学指征的情况下坚持无麸质生活方式，尽管这些人健康获益的证据仍不明确。虽然已经表明低麸质或无麸质饮食会改变肠道微生物群，但很少有研究考察这种饮食对健康受试者的影响。因此，我们的目的是评估长期低麸质饮食是否以及如何影响健康成年人的肠道微生物群组成和功能，同时牢记其与宿主健康的密切联系。40名习惯性食用含麸质饮食（HGD，高麸质饮食）的健康志愿者被纳入一项随机对照试验，该试验包括两个连续8周的低麸质饮食（LGD）干预期。在每个8周周期后，通过16S rRNA基因测序、qPCR分子定量和培养方法评估肠道微生物群组成，同时通过1H NMR测量粪便发酵代谢物来评估其代谢能力。16周的长期LGD降低了肠道微生物群的丰富度，并降低了先前报道具有潜在健康益处的细菌物种（如 和 菌属）的相对丰度。还观察到某些植物细胞壁多糖降解物种减少。虽然主要短链脂肪酸谱没有重大改变，但粪便样本中中间代谢物乙醇的浓度增加。16周的LGD显著改变了健康个体肠道微生物群的组成和代谢产物，使其向先前与对宿主健康产生不利影响相关的更失调状态转变。因此，对长期LGD的评估将巩固这些结果，并能更深入地考察其对宿主生理、免疫和代谢的影响。
