钙结合蛋白FhCaBP4的结构见解与钙切换机制

Structural Insights and Calcium-Switching Mechanism of Calcium-Binding Protein FhCaBP4.

作者信息

Shin Byeongmin, Park Seonha, Park Ingyo, Shin Hongchul, Bang Kyuhyeon, Kim Sulhee, Hwang Kwang Yeon

机构信息

Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.

Korea BioDefense Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 5;26(15):7584. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157584.

Abstract

remains a global health and economic concern, and treatment still relies heavily on triclabendazole. At the parasite-host interface, calcium-binding proteins (FhCaBPs) have a unique EF-hand/DLC-like domain fusion found only in trematodes. This makes it a parasite-specific target for small compounds and vaccinations. To enable novel therapeutic strategies, we report the first elevated-resolution structure of a full-length FhCaBP4. The apo structure was determined at 1.93 Å resolution, revealing a homodimer architecture that integrates an N-terminal, calmodulin-like, EF-hand pair with a C-terminal dynein light chain (DLC)-like domain. Structure-guided in silico mutagenesis identified a flexible, 16-residue β4-β5 loop (LTGSYWMKFSHEPFMS) with an FSHEPF core that demonstrates greater energetic variability than its FhCaBP2 counterpart, likely explaining the distinct ligand-binding profiles of these paralogs. Molecular dynamics simulations and AlphaFold3 modeling suggest that EF-hand 2 acts as the primary calcium-binding site, with calcium coordination inducing partial rigidification and modest expansion of the protein structure. Microscale thermophoresis confirmed calcium as the major ligand, while calmodulin antagonists bound with lower affinity and praziquantel demonstrated no interaction. Thermal shift assays revealed calcium-dependent stabilization and a merger of biphasic unfolding transitions. These results suggest that FhCaBP4 functions as a calcium-responsive signaling hub, with an allosterically coupled EF-hand-DLC interface that could serve as a structurally tractable platform for drug targeting in trematodes.

摘要

仍然是一个全球健康和经济问题,治疗仍然严重依赖三氯苯达唑。在寄生虫与宿主的界面处,钙结合蛋白(FhCaBPs)具有仅在吸虫中发现的独特的EF手型/DLC样结构域融合。这使其成为小分子化合物和疫苗接种的寄生虫特异性靶点。为了实现新的治疗策略,我们报道了全长FhCaBP4的首个高分辨率结构。无配体结构在1.93 Å分辨率下确定,揭示了一种同二聚体结构,该结构整合了一个N端的、钙调蛋白样的EF手型对和一个C端的动力蛋白轻链(DLC)样结构域。基于结构的计算机诱变鉴定出一个灵活的、16个残基的β4-β5环(LTGSYWMKFSHEPFMS),其核心为FSHEPF,与FhCaBP2对应物相比,表现出更大的能量变异性,这可能解释了这些旁系同源物不同的配体结合谱。分子动力学模拟和AlphaFold3建模表明,EF手型2作为主要的钙结合位点,钙配位诱导蛋白质结构的部分刚性化和适度扩展。微量热泳证实钙是主要配体,而钙调蛋白拮抗剂结合亲和力较低,吡喹酮无相互作用。热位移分析揭示了钙依赖性稳定以及双相解折叠转变的合并。这些结果表明,FhCaBP4作为一个钙响应信号枢纽发挥作用,具有变构偶联的EF手型-DLC界面,可作为吸虫药物靶向的结构易处理平台。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e7e4/12347358/abb21b83d29a/ijms-26-07584-g001.jpg

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