Mehrinejad Khotbehsara Maryam, Soar Jeffrey, Lokuge Sachithra, Mehrinejad Khotbehsara Elham, Ip Wing Keung
School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4300, Australia.
School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
J Clin Med. 2025 Aug 4;14(15):5475. doi: 10.3390/jcm14155475.
This systematic review investigates the role of virtual reality (VR)-based multisensory cognitive training in cognitive function, executive function and wayfinding ability among people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up from inception to February 2025 using terms related to MCI, AD, VR, and cognitive functions. Studies were included if they involved participants with MCI or early AD, used VR-based training, collected baseline data, and reported cognitive outcomes. Nine studies with MCI were included, but no eligible studies focused on AD. Seven out of nine eligible studies in MCI reported significant improvements in global cognitive function (MoCA, CERAD-K, MMSE). Some studies showed improvements in executive function (EXIT-25, TMT-A/B, and SCWT), while others found no significant differences. One study reported improved depression/mental status (GDS, MOSES, QoL-AD). Just one study reported improvement in functional ability (IADL). One study reported enhanced cognition and reduced discomfort (SSQ). VR programs were generally well-tolerated, with no significant adverse events reported. VR shows promise for improving cognitive function in MCI. VR also showed potential benefits in executive function and psychological outcomes like depression and quality of life, though consistency varied.
本系统评价调查了基于虚拟现实（VR）的多感官认知训练在诊断为轻度认知障碍（MCI）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的人群的认知功能、执行功能和寻路能力方面的作用。该评价按照PRISMA指南进行。从创刊到2025年2月，使用与MCI、AD、VR和认知功能相关的术语在PubMed、Scopus、Embase和谷歌学术上进行检索。如果研究涉及MCI或早期AD参与者、使用基于VR的训练、收集基线数据并报告认知结果，则纳入该研究。纳入了9项关于MCI的研究，但没有符合条件的研究聚焦于AD。9项符合条件的MCI研究中有7项报告了整体认知功能（MoCA、CERAD-K、MMSE）有显著改善。一些研究显示执行功能（EXIT-25、TMT-A/B和SCWT）有所改善，而其他研究未发现显著差异。一项研究报告抑郁/精神状态（GDS、MOSES、QoL-AD）有所改善。只有一项研究报告功能能力（IADL）有所改善。一项研究报告认知增强且不适感减轻（SSQ）。VR程序总体耐受性良好，未报告显著不良事件。VR在改善MCI的认知功能方面显示出前景。VR在执行功能以及抑郁和生活质量等心理结果方面也显示出潜在益处，尽管一致性有所不同。
