Garcia Pedro F, Ramalho Armando, Vasco Joel C, Ruben Rui B, Capela Carlos
ESTG-IPLeiria-School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.
Polytechnic University of Castelo Branco, Av. Pedro Álvares Cabral, nº 12, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Aug 4;17(15):2135. doi: 10.3390/polym17152135.
Material Extrusion (MEX) process is increasingly used to fabricate components for structural applications, driven by the availability of advanced materials and greater industrial adoption. In these contexts, understanding the mechanical performance of printed parts is crucial. However, conventional methods for assessing anisotropic elastic behavior often rely on expensive equipment and time-consuming procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the impulse excitation of vibration (IEV) in characterizing the dynamic mechanical properties of a 3D-printed composite material. Tensile tests were also performed to compare quasi-static properties with the dynamic ones obtained through IEV. The tested material, Nylon 12CF, contains 35% short carbon fibers by weight and is commercially available from Stratasys. It is used in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, a Material Extrusion technology, and exhibits anisotropic mechanical properties. This is further reinforced by the filament deposition process, which affects the mechanical response of printed parts. Young's modulus obtained in the direction perpendicular to the deposition plane (E), obtained via IEV, was 14.77% higher than the value in the technical datasheet. Comparing methods, the Young's modulus obtained in the deposition plane, in an inclined direction of 45 degrees in relation to the deposition direction (E), showed a 22.95% difference between IEV and tensile tests, while Poisson's ratio in the deposition plane (v) differed by 6.78%. This data is critical for designing parts subject to demanding service conditions, and the results obtained (orthotropic elastic properties) can be used in finite element simulation software. Ultimately, this work reinforces the potential of the IEV method as an accessible and consistent alternative for characterizing the anisotropic properties of components produced through additive manufacturing (AM).
在先进材料的可得性和更高的工业认可度的推动下，材料挤出（MEX）工艺越来越多地用于制造结构应用的部件。在这些情况下，了解打印部件的机械性能至关重要。然而，评估各向异性弹性行为的传统方法通常依赖于昂贵的设备和耗时的程序。本研究的目的是评估振动脉冲激励（IEV）在表征3D打印复合材料动态力学性能方面的适用性。还进行了拉伸试验，以比较准静态性能与通过IEV获得的动态性能。测试材料尼龙12CF含有35%重量的短碳纤维，可从Stratasys公司商购获得。它用于熔融沉积建模（FDM）工艺，一种材料挤出技术，并表现出各向异性的机械性能。长丝沉积过程进一步强化了这一点，该过程会影响打印部件的机械响应。通过IEV在垂直于沉积平面的方向上获得的杨氏模量（E）比技术数据表中的值高14.77%。比较不同方法，在沉积平面内相对于沉积方向倾斜45度的方向上获得的杨氏模量，IEV和拉伸试验之间显示出22.95%的差异，而沉积平面内的泊松比（v）相差6.78%。这些数据对于设计承受苛刻使用条件的部件至关重要，并且所获得的结果（正交各向异性弹性性能）可用于有限元模拟软件。最终，这项工作强化了IEV方法作为一种可获取且一致的替代方法来表征通过增材制造（AM）生产的部件各向异性性能的潜力。
