An Debao, Wang Jiale, Xia Yeling, Xing Wenlong
Xinjiang University Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Ürümqi, China.
Wenzhou University School of Education, Ürümqi, China.
Front Psychol. 2025 Jul 30;16:1562927. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1562927. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to examine the effect of cognitive avoidance on rumination among college students, and to explore the mediating roles of perfectionism and stress. Cognitive avoidance involves efforts to evade distressing thoughts, while rumination refers to repetitive negative thinking. A cross-sectional survey was conducted via convenience sampling among students from four universities in Xinjiang, Henan, and Guangdong. A total of 6,000 electronic questionnaires were distributed, and 5,412 valid responses were retained (effective rate: 90.20%). Participants completed the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire, Rumination Scale, Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Pearson correlations and mediation analyses using PROCESS were performed. Results showed that cognitive avoidance, perfectionism, stress, and rumination were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.324-0.484, < 0.001). Cognitive avoidance significantly predicted rumination (t = 0.347, < 0.001). Further, three indirect paths were identified: the mediating effect of perfectionism, the mediating effect of stress, and a chain mediating effect through both (95% CIs excluded zero). These findings suggest that cognitive avoidance influences rumination directly and indirectly through perfectionism and stress, offering insights into maladaptive cognitive-emotional patterns in college students.
本研究旨在探讨认知回避对大学生沉思的影响，并探究完美主义和压力的中介作用。认知回避是指努力回避令人痛苦的想法，而沉思是指重复性的消极思维。通过便利抽样对来自新疆、河南和广东四所大学的学生进行了横断面调查。共发放6000份电子问卷，保留5412份有效回复（有效率：90.20%）。参与者完成了认知回避问卷、沉思量表、积极和消极完美主义量表以及抑郁焦虑压力量表（DASS-21）。使用PROCESS进行了Pearson相关性分析和中介分析。结果表明，认知回避、完美主义、压力和沉思之间存在显著正相关（r = 0.324 - 0.484，< 0.001）。认知回避显著预测了沉思（t = 0.347，< 0.001）。此外，还确定了三条间接路径：完美主义的中介作用、压力的中介作用以及通过两者的链式中介作用（95%置信区间不包含零）。这些发现表明，认知回避通过完美主义和压力直接和间接地影响沉思，为大学生适应不良的认知-情绪模式提供了见解。
