Rivera Maza S, Bishop R C, Austin S M, Foreman J H, Wilkins P A
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.
Equine Vet Educ. 2025 Jan 29. doi: 10.1111/eve.14109.
Meconium impaction/retention is a significant cause of colic in foals. Historically, limitations of both medical and surgical treatment are noted. Outcomes of meconium impaction/retention have not recently been reported.
To describe case characteristics and outcomes in foals with meconium impaction/retention.
Retrospective, single referral hospital.
Medical records from 2006 to 2024 were searched for foals ≤3 days old with a history of straining to defecate, abdominal distention, colic, weakness and/or tail flagging. Signalment, presenting complaint, treatment, outcome and comorbidities were summarised and compared between groups based on sex and survival. Associations between comorbidities and survival were evaluated by zero-inflated Poisson regression.
Forty-three foals met the inclusion criteria. Male foals dominated (30/43; 70%). All foals were managed with enemas; phosphate (11/43; 30%), water with soap/lube (25/43; 58%), not specified 9/43 (21%), multiple types (8; 19%), acetylcysteine retention (1; 2%). Forty foals (93%) survived to discharge, and three (7%) were humanely euthanised. Of surviving foals, 37/40 (93%) responded fully to medical treatment. Surgical treatment was required in 4 foals (9%); 3/4 (75%) survived. Comorbidities were common including sepsis (10/43; 23%), pneumonia (10/43; 23%), failure of passive transfer (6/43; 14%) and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (5/43; 12%). Non-survivors (3/43; 7%) were euthanised due to sepsis, limb malformation and pneumonia.
Small sample size and low number of non-survivors prevented meaningful statistical analysis.
Medical management of meconium impaction/retention is successful in the great majority of cases. Prognosis depends on the comorbidities present.
胎粪嵌塞/潴留是马驹绞痛的一个重要原因。从历史上看，药物治疗和手术治疗都存在局限性。最近尚未报道胎粪嵌塞/潴留的治疗结果。
描述患有胎粪嵌塞/潴留的马驹的病例特征和治疗结果。
回顾性、单转诊医院研究。
检索2006年至2024年的病历，查找3日龄及以下、有排便用力、腹胀、绞痛、虚弱和/或尾旗征病史的马驹。根据性别和生存情况，总结并比较各组的信号、主诉、治疗、结果和合并症。通过零膨胀泊松回归评估合并症与生存之间的关联。
43匹小马驹符合纳入标准。雄性马驹占主导（30/43；70%）。所有马驹均接受灌肠治疗；磷酸盐灌肠（11/43；30%）、肥皂水/润滑剂灌肠（25/43；58%）、未明确类型9/43（21%）、多种类型8匹（19%）、乙酰半胱氨酸灌肠1匹（2%）。40匹（93%）马驹存活至出院，3匹（7%）被实施安乐死。在存活的马驹中，37/40（93%）对药物治疗有完全反应。4匹（9%）马驹需要手术治疗；3/4（75%）存活。合并症很常见，包括败血症（10/43；23%）、肺炎（10/43；23%）、被动转移失败（6/43；14%）和缺氧缺血性脑病（5/43；12%）。非存活者（3/43；7%）因败血症、肢体畸形和肺炎而被实施安乐死。
样本量小和非存活者数量少妨碍了有意义的统计分析。
在大多数情况下，胎粪嵌塞/潴留的药物治疗是成功的。预后取决于存在的合并症。
