Maximising the translation potential of electrochemical biosensors.

Extensive academic attention has been given to showcasing the potential high-level analytical performance of electrochemical and microfluidic diagnostic platforms across a range of target analytes and disease areas. Despite this high volume of research and proof of concept demonstrations for feasible technology platforms, electrochemical biosensors have not yet realised their full commercial potential, given the well-known advantages of low cost, high analytical sensitivity, ease of multiplexing, compatibility with mass manufacturing techniques and seamless connection to smartphones. This is often not because of limitations in analytical performance, but due to challenges in translating laboratory devices into usable, scalable, and accessible systems. Many commercialised point of care (POC) platforms have struggled to integrate effectively into real-world, low-resource clinical environments, underscoring the need for more holistic development strategies. After providing some background on state-of-the-art developments, this article offers a perspective on the major barriers to successful translation for academic research teams through a discussion of the key elements of the biosensor development and translation process. This feature article highlights the importance of the voice of the user, and the iterative research and development process which cycles through stages of innovation, user requirement consideration, analytical performance determination and ensuring the platform is accessible in a POC format. Recent advances in electrode fabrication, 3D printing, and laser ablation empower academic teams to rapidly prototype for practical application. The article intends to serve as a useful guide for those initiating new fundamental electrochemical sensing studies, highlighting recent literature and recommending steps that academic teams can take at the beginning of projects to maximise the chances of future translational success.