Hsu Yu-Chen, Li Kuang-Po, Chang Poa-Chun, Shien Jui-Hung, Hsu Wei-Li, Yen Hua, Hsu Jung-Pin, Chen Tai-Ting, Ou Shan-Chia
Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
Poult Sci. 2025 Aug 7;104(11):105654. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105654.
Parvovirus infections are highly communicable and pathogenic in ducklings and goslings, leading to major economic losses in waterfowl farming. Although it is well established that Goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) are primary causes of disease, control of these viruses is difficult due to cross-species transmission and high infectivity of variant strains derived from viral recombination and mutation. In this study, we performed molecular and antigenic analyses on ten field-derived waterfowl parvovirus isolates collected between 2019 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates showed that classical GPVs, classical MDPVs and recombinant MDPVs (rMDPVs) were simultaneously present in the fields of Taiwan. Moreover, Taiwanese rMDPV isolates were highly similar to strains isolated in mainland China in terms of nucleic and amino acid sequences. To understand the antigenic relationships between the field isolates and a standard GPV vaccine strain, viral cross-neutralizing tests were performed. As expected, classical GPVs and MDPVs were antigenically different from each other, while the rMDPV isolates showed a closer antigenic relationship with GPV than with MDPV. Although the VP1 amino acid sequences were 91% identical between the GPV vaccinal strain (82-0321V) and rMDPVs isolates, we found that the GPV vaccinal strain and rMDPV were antigenically different subtypes. Molecular traceability assays searching the VP1 genes in GenBank demonstrated that the most recent common ancestor of waterfowl parvoviruses may have appeared in the 1830s, and rMDPV was likely derived from MDPV around the 1900s. Furthermore, the rMDPVs exhibited a higher estimated evolutionary rate than typical waterfowl parvoviruses. Taken together, our results reveal three distinct types of waterfowl parvoviruses in the fields of Taiwan. The viruses show genetic and antigenic differences, and were likely introduced at different times. These findings suggest that further molecular epidemiologic and antigenic investigations may help to improve waterfowl parvovirus control.
细小病毒感染在雏鸭和雏鹅中具有高度传染性和致病性，给水禽养殖带来重大经济损失。虽然已知鹅细小病毒（GPV）和番鸭细小病毒（MDPV）是主要致病原因，但由于跨物种传播以及病毒重组和突变产生的变异株具有高传染性，控制这些病毒很困难。在本研究中，我们对2019年至2023年间收集的10株来源于野外的水禽细小病毒分离株进行了分子和抗原分析。对这些分离株的系统发育分析表明，经典GPV、经典MDPV和重组MDPV（rMDPV）在台湾地区同时存在。此外，台湾地区的rMDPV分离株在核酸和氨基酸序列方面与中国大陆分离的毒株高度相似。为了解野外分离株与标准GPV疫苗株之间的抗原关系，进行了病毒交叉中和试验。正如预期的那样，经典GPV和MDPV在抗原性上彼此不同，而rMDPV分离株与GPV的抗原关系比与MDPV更密切。虽然GPV疫苗株（82 - 0321V）和rMDPV分离株之间的VP1氨基酸序列有91%相同，但我们发现GPV疫苗株和rMDPV是抗原性不同的亚型。在GenBank中搜索VP1基因的分子溯源分析表明，水禽细小病毒的最近共同祖先可能出现在19世纪30年代，rMDPV可能在20世纪初从MDPV衍生而来。此外，rMDPV的估计进化速率高于典型的水禽细小病毒。综上所述，我们的结果揭示了台湾地区存在三种不同类型的水禽细小病毒。这些病毒表现出遗传和抗原差异，并且可能在不同时间引入。这些发现表明，进一步的分子流行病学和抗原研究可能有助于改善水禽细小病毒的控制。
