Pleuss James D, Deierlein Andrea L, Kleinberg Samantha
Department of Computer Science, Stevens Institute of Technology; Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy.
School of Global Public Health, New York University.
J Nutr. 2025 Aug 15. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.017.
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during pregnancy is associated with numerous short and long-term adverse health outcomes. Diet is a key factor influencing glucose tolerance, yet there is little data on the relationship between specific foods or intake timing and IGT.
We examined whether food category intakes and their timing are associated with IGT.
We used data from the Temporal Research in Eating, Nutrition, and Diet during Pregnancy (TREND-P) study, which recruited 144 pregnant persons at gestational age <18 weeks. Participants provided up to 28 days of food records (before and after photos for each eating occasion and text notes), and access to their electronic health records (EHR). We introduced Morning and Night Intake Scores (weighted measures reflecting the proportion of intakes consumed during nocturnal or morning periods) that incorporate exact intake timing rather than using a single threshold. We used logistic regression to estimate associations (odds ratio, OR and 95% confidence intervals, CI) between temporal intake features and IGT (determined from EHR lab results), controlling for diet quality, age, total daily energy intake, physical activity, and pre-pregnancy BMI, and conducted sensitivity analysis.
We found a significant positive association between mean daily red meat intake and IGT (OR=3.68, 95%CI: 1.68, 8.75), and a negative association with IGT for night egg intake (OR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.98). These associations remained after sensitivity analysis. Associations between macronutrient and energy intake and IGT were not statistically significant.
Our novel approach to modeling intake timing uncovered a new negative association between night egg intake and IGT, and a positive association between red meat intake and IGT. Macronutrient and energy intake were not significant predictors of IGT, showing the importance of capturing specific food intake and timing. Future research is needed to determine if these observed associations are causally linked to IGT.
孕期糖耐量受损（IGT）与众多短期和长期不良健康后果相关。饮食是影响糖耐量的关键因素，但关于特定食物或摄入时间与IGT之间关系的数据很少。
我们研究了食物类别摄入量及其时间与IGT是否相关。
我们使用了孕期饮食、营养和膳食时间研究（TREND-P）的数据，该研究招募了144名孕龄小于18周的孕妇。参与者提供了长达28天的食物记录（每次进食场合的前后照片及文字记录），并可获取其电子健康记录（EHR）。我们引入了早晨和夜间摄入量得分（反映夜间或早晨摄入比例的加权指标），该得分纳入了精确的摄入时间，而非使用单一阈值。我们使用逻辑回归来估计时间摄入特征与IGT（根据EHR实验室结果确定）之间的关联（比值比，OR和95%置信区间，CI），同时控制饮食质量、年龄、每日总能量摄入、身体活动和孕前BMI，并进行敏感性分析。
我们发现每日红肉平均摄入量与IGT之间存在显著正相关（OR = 3.68，95%CI：1.68，8.75），夜间鸡蛋摄入量与IGT呈负相关（OR = 0.95，95%CI：0.93，0.98）。敏感性分析后这些关联依然存在。宏量营养素和能量摄入与IGT之间的关联无统计学意义。
我们模拟摄入时间的新方法发现夜间鸡蛋摄入量与IGT之间存在新的负相关，红肉摄入量与IGT之间存在正相关。宏量营养素和能量摄入不是IGT的显著预测因素，这表明捕捉特定食物摄入及其时间的重要性。未来需要开展研究以确定这些观察到的关联是否与IGT存在因果关系。
