Jamkar Rashmi, Ward Paul R, Calache Hanny, Fisher Colleen, Dickson-Swift Virginia, Girard Ivana Matic, Slack-Smith Linda
School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2025 Aug 17. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.70011.
There is evidence that children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds in high-income countries experience a higher burden of oral diseases compared to children from non-CALD backgrounds. Oral disease remains a significant health problem in high-income countries, and the success of current traditional approaches to manage oral diseases has been limited. Thus, it is time to examine other approaches that look beyond the individual and focus on the wide-ranging influences, including context. One such approach is the use of social practice theory (SPT) which examines the 'practice' (an everyday activity), how it happens, and what is required to engage with it. This review aimed to map out oral health-related practices across international literature through the three elements of the SPT framework (materials, meanings and competences) in children from CALD backgrounds in high-income countries.
This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute's Population, Concept and Context framework. MEDLINE database was initially searched via a librarian guided search strategy to retrieve relevant studies. The words from titles and abstracts from relevant studies and index terms were later used to develop a full search strategy, which was then used to search Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Public Health Database and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source. The reference lists from all retrieved studies were screened for any additional relevant studies. Peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative, mixed-methods and systematic review studies published in English were included. Screening of eligible studies and data extraction was performed in Covidence. Data extracted from each study was analysed and interpreted using Shove's SPT framework.
Thirty-seven studies were included in the review. A number of key oral health-related social practices such as feeding children, sleeping, using a comforter, teeth cleaning and health and care oriented mobility were identified in children from CALD backgrounds along with their three elements: materials, meanings and competences.
Using a SPT lens allowed a new way of exploring family, cultural and community factors and moving away from the restrictive focus on individual behaviour. Focusing future research on these dynamics of practices can provide insights into the impact of barriers and facilitators on their implementation of interventions and identify opportunities for leveraging positive change.
有证据表明，在高收入国家，来自文化和语言多样化（CALD）背景的儿童比非CALD背景的儿童面临更高的口腔疾病负担。口腔疾病在高收入国家仍然是一个重大的健康问题，当前传统的口腔疾病管理方法效果有限。因此，是时候审视其他超越个体层面、关注广泛影响因素（包括背景因素）的方法了。其中一种方法是运用社会实践理论（SPT），该理论审视“实践”（一项日常活动）、其发生方式以及参与其中所需的条件。本综述旨在通过SPT框架的三个要素（物质、意义和能力），梳理高收入国家中来自CALD背景儿童的国际文献中与口腔健康相关的实践。
本范围综述遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的人群、概念和背景框架。最初通过图书馆员指导的检索策略在MEDLINE数据库中进行检索，以获取相关研究。随后使用相关研究的标题和摘要中的词汇以及索引词来制定全面的检索策略，该策略随后用于检索Scopus、EMBASE、MEDLINE、PsychINFO、CINAHL、公共卫生数据库以及牙科学与口腔科学资源库。对所有检索到的研究的参考文献列表进行筛选，以查找任何其他相关研究。纳入以英文发表的同行评审的定性和定量、混合方法及系统评价研究。在Covidence中进行符合条件的研究筛选和数据提取。使用肖夫的SPT框架对从每项研究中提取的数据进行分析和解释。
本综述纳入了37项研究。在来自CALD背景的儿童中识别出了一些与口腔健康相关的关键社会行为，如喂养儿童、睡眠、使用安抚物、清洁牙齿以及以健康和护理为导向的活动，以及它们的三个要素：物质、意义和能力。
运用SPT视角提供了一种探索家庭、文化和社区因素的新方式，摆脱了对个体行为的狭隘关注。将未来的研究聚焦于这些实践动态，可以深入了解障碍和促进因素对干预措施实施的影响，并确定推动积极变革的机会。
