Ytreland Kristin, Bania Elisabeth Valmyr, Lisøy Carina, Lydersen Stian, Neumer Simon-Peter, Adolfsen Frode, Martinsen Kristin Dagmar, Sund Anne Mari, Ingul Jo Magne
Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare - Central Norway, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health - Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 18. doi: 10.1007/s00787-025-02831-5.
Parental factors such as parental symptomatology, family functioning, and parental practices are linked to child anxiety and depression. While most research focuses on clinical groups, this study examines these associations in an indicated sample, before and after a preventive intervention and at 12-month follow-up.
Participants included 1043 parents of 650 children (8-12 years old) from the ECHO trial, aimed at optimizing a preventive program for anxious and sad children. Using cross-lagged panel models, we modelled the relationship between parent-reported children's anxiety and depression symptoms and parental factors. Parental factors were parents' symptoms of anxiety and depression, family functioning and parental practices (managing emotions, setting goals & dealing with problems, and dealing with negative emotions). All variables were measured by parent-report questionnaires at baseline, post-intervention and 12-month follow-up.
Positive associations were found between child anxiety and depressive symptoms, and parental anxiety and depressive symptoms and poorer family functioning. There were smaller, negative associations between children's symptoms and positive parental practices.
Parental factors were significantly associated with child anxiety and depression over time, with stronger links to parents' anxiety and depressive symptoms and family functioning, than parental practices.
诸如父母症状、家庭功能和育儿方式等父母因素与儿童焦虑和抑郁有关。虽然大多数研究集中在临床群体，但本研究在预防性干预前后以及12个月随访时，对一个指定样本中的这些关联进行了考察。
参与者包括来自ECHO试验的650名8至12岁儿童的1043名家长，该试验旨在优化针对焦虑和悲伤儿童的预防项目。我们使用交叉滞后面板模型，对家长报告的儿童焦虑和抑郁症状与父母因素之间的关系进行建模。父母因素包括父母的焦虑和抑郁症状、家庭功能和育儿方式（情绪管理、设定目标与解决问题以及处理负面情绪）。所有变量均通过家长报告问卷在基线、干预后和12个月随访时进行测量。
发现儿童焦虑和抑郁症状与父母焦虑和抑郁症状以及较差的家庭功能之间存在正相关。儿童症状与积极的育儿方式之间存在较小的负相关。
随着时间的推移，父母因素与儿童焦虑和抑郁显著相关，与父母的焦虑和抑郁症状以及家庭功能的联系比与育儿方式的联系更强。
