Jiang Juntao, Han Zuoxiao, Zhang Haizhu, Chen Hao
Department of Clinical Laboratory, institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beihai Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Beihai, 536000, China.
Discov Oncol. 2025 Aug 18;16(1):1574. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-03419-w.
As a cell adhesion factor, cluster of differentiation 99 (CD99) mainly plays a role in regulating cell differentiation. In cancer research, CD99 primarily focuses on sarcoma. Recent studies have revealed that CD99 plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of several cancers. However, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of CD99 has not been performed.
In this study, we utilized advanced bioinformatics techniques to conduct an in-depth investigation of CD99 expression across diverse tumors, its prognostic and diagnostic implications, the predominant modes of genetic alteration, correlations with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints, enrichment analyses of related gene expression, and mechanisms of drug resistance.
Our findings revealed that CD99 was significantly upregulated in numerous common cancers and was associated with both diagnostic and prognostic outcomes. Notably, genetic alterations of CD99 predominantly manifest as deletions in sarcoma. Furthermore, CD99 exhibited strong correlations with nearly all infiltrating immune cells and their corresponding checkpoints. Enrichment analyses further emphasized the potential role of CD99 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways and leukocyte migration. Additionally, our investigations into drug resistance indicated that CD99 expression was primarily linked to resistance against antitumor agents such as 5-fluorouracil and belinostat.
Through this comprehensive pan-cancer analysis, we elucidated novel roles for CD99 in various cancer types, providing important insights for clinical treatment strategies and drug development.
作为一种细胞粘附因子，分化簇99（CD99）主要在调节细胞分化中发挥作用。在癌症研究中，CD99主要聚焦于肉瘤。最近的研究表明，CD99在几种癌症的发生和发展中起关键作用。然而，尚未对CD99进行全面的泛癌分析。
在本研究中，我们利用先进的生物信息学技术，对CD99在多种肿瘤中的表达、其预后和诊断意义、主要的基因改变模式、与免疫细胞浸润和免疫检查点的相关性、相关基因表达的富集分析以及耐药机制进行了深入研究。
我们的研究结果显示，CD99在多种常见癌症中显著上调，并且与诊断和预后结果均相关。值得注意的是，CD99的基因改变在肉瘤中主要表现为缺失。此外，CD99与几乎所有浸润免疫细胞及其相应的检查点均表现出强相关性。富集分析进一步强调了CD99在上皮-间质转化（EMT）途径和白细胞迁移中的潜在作用。此外，我们对耐药性的研究表明，CD99表达主要与对5-氟尿嘧啶和贝利司他等抗肿瘤药物的耐药性有关。
通过这项全面的泛癌分析，我们阐明了CD99在各种癌症类型中的新作用，为临床治疗策略和药物开发提供了重要见解。
