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南佛罗里达健康博览会参与者的艾滋病知识及所报告的耻辱感

HIV knowledge and reported stigma among South Florida health fair participants.

作者信息

Peifer Sophia J, Moore David Mitchell, Lee Raphael, Feaster Daniel J, Sternberg Candice A

机构信息

University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America.

Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Clinical Research Building, Miami, Florida, United States of America.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2025 Aug 19;20(8):e0329665. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0329665. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0329665

PMID:40828797

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12364354/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Florida had the third greatest number of new HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2020. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess HIV education and perceptions among diverse populations in South Florida to enhance public health community outreach efforts. Specifically, it investigated how HIV knowledge and perceptions vary based on race, primary language, and country of origin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cross-sectional surveys were administered at five South Florida health fair locations to evaluate understanding of HIV transmission, strategies for prevention and treatment, and stigma among those who accepted and declined free HIV testing. We analyzed survey data using chi-square tests with an alpha level of 0.05.

RESULTS

Of the 173 respondents, 149 underwent HIV testing, while 24 declined. Out of all respondents, 20.8% identified as Black (n = 36), 29.5% White non-Hispanic (n = 51), and 43.9% White Hispanic (n = 76). Over half of all respondents were foreign born (59%). Most participants knew HIV can be spread by injection drug usage (98.8%) and unprotected sex (97.7%). Incorrect answers included that HIV could be spread by mosquito bites (27.2%), kissing a person living with HIV (26.6%), and sharing a drink with a person living with HIV (19.7%). Transmission knowledge was significantly associated with race (χ²(2, N = 163) = 8.78, p = .012), with 26.3% Black (n = 10), 18.7% White Hispanic (n = 14), and 4.0% of White non-Hispanic participants (n = 2) reporting inadequate transmission knowledge. Familiarity with PrEP and/or PEP was also associated with race (χ²(2, N = 163) = 13.27, p = .001), as White Hispanic participants reported the highest lack of familiarity (84.2%), and Spanish-speaking participants reported half the PrEP/PEP familiarity as their English-speaking counterparts (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Transmission knowledge was significantly low among Black and White Hispanic participants, while PrEP/PEP knowledge was uniquely low among White Hispanic and Spanish-speaking participants, reinforcing the need for improved education among these populations.

摘要

背景

2020年，佛罗里达州的新增艾滋病毒诊断病例数在美国排名第三。这项横断面研究旨在评估南佛罗里达州不同人群的艾滋病毒教育情况和认知，以加强公共卫生社区宣传工作。具体而言，该研究调查了艾滋病毒知识和认知如何因种族、主要语言和原籍国而有所不同。

材料与方法

在南佛罗里达州的五个健康博览会地点进行了横断面调查，以评估接受和拒绝免费艾滋病毒检测的人群对艾滋病毒传播、预防和治疗策略以及污名化的理解。我们使用α水平为0.05的卡方检验分析了调查数据。

结果

在173名受访者中，149人接受了艾滋病毒检测，24人拒绝。在所有受访者中，20.8%为黑人（n = 36），29.5%为非西班牙裔白人（n = 51），43.9%为西班牙裔白人（n = 76）。超过一半的受访者是外国出生（59%）。大多数参与者知道艾滋病毒可通过注射吸毒（98.8%）和无保护性行为（97.7%）传播。错误答案包括艾滋病毒可通过蚊虫叮咬传播（27.2%）、与艾滋病毒感染者接吻传播（26.6%）以及与艾滋病毒感染者共饮传播（19.7%）。传播知识与种族显著相关（χ²(2, N = 163) = 8.78，p = 0.012），26.3%的黑人（n = 10）、18.7%的西班牙裔白人（n = 14）和4.0%的非西班牙裔白人参与者（n = 2）报告传播知识不足。对暴露前预防（PrEP）和/或暴露后预防（PEP）的熟悉程度也与种族相关（χ²(2, N = 163) = 13.27，p = 0.001），因为西班牙裔白人参与者报告的熟悉程度最低（84.2%），说西班牙语的参与者报告的PrEP/PEP熟悉程度仅为说英语参与者的一半（p < 0.0001）。