Isik Sevim, Alhelwani Sedra, Sahsahi Aya, Balcilar Hilal, Yeman-Kiyak Bercem
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul, 34662, Türkiye.
Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul, 34662, Türkiye.
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2025 Aug 20. doi: 10.1007/s13346-025-01955-0.
Exosomes are nano vesicles secreted by the cells that play an essential role in intercellular communication, enabling the transport of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Among them, plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles have attracted considerable interest due to their prospective therapeutic implications, especially for neurological disorders. This article provides an overview of the biogenesis of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles, compares their characteristics with mammalian-derived exosomes, and investigates their bioavailability and chemical composition. The article also discusses the mechanisms through which they are uptaken by cells, highlighting several cellular uptake pathways and their significance for targeted drug delivery. Moreover, it explains the molecular basis of neurological disorders and investigates how plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles regulate intracellular signaling pathways, providing potential therapeutic benefits. Finally, it provides the latest advancements in engineering research, emphasizing biochemical modifications on the exosomal surface, loading therapeutic molecules into exosomes, and exosomes derived from genetically engineered plants, for more effective therapies in neurological disorders.
外泌体是细胞分泌的纳米囊泡，在细胞间通讯中发挥着重要作用，能够运输生物活性分子，包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸。其中，植物来源的类外泌体纳米囊泡因其潜在的治疗意义，特别是对神经疾病的治疗意义，而引起了广泛关注。本文概述了植物来源的类外泌体纳米囊泡的生物发生过程，将其特征与哺乳动物来源的外泌体进行了比较，并研究了它们的生物利用度和化学成分。文章还讨论了它们被细胞摄取的机制，重点介绍了几种细胞摄取途径及其对靶向药物递送的意义。此外，文章解释了神经疾病的分子基础，并研究了植物来源的类外泌体纳米囊泡如何调节细胞内信号通路，从而提供潜在的治疗益处。最后，文章介绍了工程研究的最新进展，强调了对外泌体表面的生化修饰、将治疗分子加载到外泌体中以及利用基因工程植物来源的外泌体，以实现对神经疾病更有效的治疗。
