Hinze Lori L, Udall Joshua A, Yu John Z, Frelichowski James E
USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Germplasm Research Unit, College Station, TX, USA.
Theor Appl Genet. 2025 Aug 20;138(9):220. doi: 10.1007/s00122-025-05009-4.
This review is an investigation of the status of phenotypic and molecular characterization efforts in the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) cotton collection, highlighting progress to date to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of future characterization efforts. We considered recent publications of large-scale characterization activities involving the cotton collection. Reports of qualitative descriptors and quantitative phenotypes were considered as well as reports of molecular genotypes. Approximately 80% of cotton accessions are characterized with standardized descriptors and digital images; in addition, large numbers of accessions have recently been screened for resistance to Fusarium wilt, bacterial blight, and cotton leaf curl virus. Many studies have measured genotypes of accessions using a range of technologies-31% of accessions have been genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers, 5% have been genotyped with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, 7% have been genotyped with SNPs from resequencing, and 0.2% of accessions have been sequenced genomically de novo. These efforts ensure that valuable genetic resources are well-characterized, although only a small fraction of the genetic variability in the cotton collection has been surveyed to date. The integration of NPGS cotton collection resources with phenotypic and genotypic information has illuminated the value of cotton genetic variation and genes associated with important traits such as disease resistance and stress tolerance. The cotton collection is a premier information source and critical foundation of variation essential for cotton research and breeding programs aimed at developing resilient cultivars with superior yield and fiber quality in support of U.S. cotton production.
本综述调查了国家植物种质系统（NPGS）棉花种质库的表型和分子特征鉴定工作现状，重点介绍了迄今为止在提高未来鉴定工作效率和成效方面取得的进展。我们考虑了近期涉及棉花种质库大规模鉴定活动的出版物。定性描述符和定量表型的报告以及分子基因型的报告均在考虑范围内。约80%的棉花种质已用标准化描述符和数字图像进行了特征鉴定；此外，最近对大量种质进行了抗枯萎病、细菌性叶斑病和棉花卷叶病毒的筛选。许多研究使用了一系列技术对种质的基因型进行了测定——31%的种质已用简单序列重复标记进行了基因分型，5%已用单核苷酸多态性（SNP）阵列进行了基因分型，7%已用重测序得到的SNP进行了基因分型，0.2%的种质已进行了全基因组从头测序。这些工作确保了宝贵的遗传资源得到了充分表征，尽管迄今为止仅对棉花种质库中一小部分遗传变异进行了调查。NPGS棉花种质库资源与表型和基因型信息的整合，揭示了棉花遗传变异以及与抗病性和胁迫耐受性等重要性状相关基因的价值。棉花种质库是一个重要的信息来源，也是棉花研究和育种项目中至关重要的变异基础，这些项目旨在培育具有优良产量和纤维品质的抗逆品种，以支持美国的棉花生产。
