Jannat Azmira, Talukder Md Mehdi Masud, Li Zhong, Ou Jian Zhen
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China.
School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia.
Small Sci. 2025 Jun 30;5(8):2500025. doi: 10.1002/smsc.202500025. eCollection 2025 Aug.
In the Internet of Things era, flexible and wearable gas sensors are increasingly vital for real-time monitoring in healthcare, environmental safety, and industrial security. These sensors detect hazardous gases at room temperature and seamlessly integrate with clothing and portable devices. The 2D materials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, graphene and its derivatives, and metal-organic frameworks, stand out due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and physicochemical properties, such as large surface areas, high carrier mobility, and intrinsic flexibility. This review summarizes recent advancements in designing, fabricating, and applying 2D-material-based flexible gas sensors. It highlights how engineering approaches like defect creation, composite formation, and surface functionalization significantly enhance sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and response times. Comparative performance data across various material families are presented, alongside effective strategies for integrating 2D materials onto diverse flexible substrates such as polymers, textiles, and paper, emphasizing durability under mechanical stress. The review critically addresses current challenges, including large-scale manufacturing, long-term stability, and interference from ambient humidity. Furthermore, it explores innovative solutions like self-healing sensors, artificial intelligence-driven sensor arrays, in situ surface passivation, and multisensor platforms coupled with machine learning algorithms, offering valuable insights for advancing next-generation wearable gas-sensing technologies.
在物联网时代，柔性可穿戴气体传感器对于医疗保健、环境安全和工业安全中的实时监测变得越来越重要。这些传感器可在室温下检测有害气体，并能与衣物和便携式设备无缝集成。二维材料，包括过渡金属二硫属化物、黑磷、MXenes、石墨烯及其衍生物以及金属有机框架，因其优异的电学、机械和物理化学性质，如大表面积、高载流子迁移率和固有柔韧性而脱颖而出。本文综述了基于二维材料的柔性气体传感器在设计、制造和应用方面的最新进展。它强调了诸如缺陷产生、复合材料形成和表面功能化等工程方法如何显著提高传感器的灵敏度、选择性和响应时间。文中给出了不同材料家族的比较性能数据，以及将二维材料集成到聚合物、纺织品和纸张等各种柔性基板上的有效策略，强调了在机械应力下的耐久性。该综述批判性地探讨了当前面临的挑战，包括大规模制造、长期稳定性以及环境湿度的干扰。此外，它还探索了诸如自修复传感器、人工智能驱动的传感器阵列、原位表面钝化以及与机器学习算法相结合的多传感器平台等创新解决方案，为推进下一代可穿戴气体传感技术提供了有价值的见解。
