Mazza Marianna, Marano Giuseppe
Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.
Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy.
World J Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 19;15(8):107132. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i8.107132.
Premenstrual and menstrual exacerbation of psychiatric disorders is a significant area of concern in female mental health. Many females experience a worsening of psychiatric symptoms in the premenstrual and menstrual phases of their menstrual cycle, including heightened anxiety, depression, irritability, and mood swings. These exacerbations are most commonly associated with premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder that are characterized by severe emotional and physical symptoms that interfere with daily functioning. The hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, particularly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels, are believed to play a pivotal role in these exacerbations. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia may be influenced by these hormonal changes, with many females reporting an increase in symptom severity during specific phases of the cycle. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain complex, with both biological and psychosocial factors contributing to the heightened vulnerability. Clinical management includes careful monitoring of symptom patterns in relation to the menstrual cycle, with treatment options ranging from lifestyle modifications and psychotherapy to pharmacological interventions such as antidepressants and hormonal therapies. Understanding the link between menstruation and psychiatric disorders is essential for improving diagnosis and tailoring effective treatment strategies for affected individuals.
精神疾病在经前和经期的加重是女性心理健康中一个备受关注的重要领域。许多女性在月经周期的经前和经期会经历精神症状的恶化，包括焦虑加剧、抑郁、易怒和情绪波动。这些加重情况最常与经前综合征和经前烦躁障碍相关，其特征是严重的情绪和身体症状，会干扰日常功能。月经周期中的激素波动，特别是雌激素和孕激素水平的变化，被认为在这些加重情况中起关键作用。诸如抑郁症、焦虑症、双相情感障碍和精神分裂症等精神疾病可能会受到这些激素变化的影响，许多女性报告在月经周期的特定阶段症状严重程度会增加。这一现象背后的机制仍然复杂，生物因素和社会心理因素都导致了易感性的增加。临床管理包括仔细监测与月经周期相关的症状模式，治疗选择从生活方式调整、心理治疗到药物干预，如抗抑郁药和激素疗法。了解月经与精神疾病之间的联系对于改善诊断和为受影响的个体制定有效的治疗策略至关重要。
