Khammona Kanogporn, Dermail Abil, Chen Yu-Ru, Lübberstedt Thomas, Wanchana Samart, Toojinda Theerayut, Arikit Siwaret, Ruanjaichon Vinitchan
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) , Khlong Nueng, Thailand.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Aug 5;16:1634053. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1634053. eCollection 2025.
Maize ( L.) is a globally significant cereal crop with diverse food, feed, and industry uses. The rapid development of homozygous inbred lines via double haploid (DH) technology has revolutionized maize breeding, reducing the time and cost required for cultivar improvement. This review synthesizes advances in haploid induction systems, focusing on the genetic mechanisms underlying both paternal and maternal inducers. Key genes such as , and the centromeric histone variant are examined for their roles in haploid embryo formation. Methods of haploid identification based on DNA content and phenotypic markers (e.g., and genes) are critically assessed, including recent innovations that enhance selection accuracy. Additionally, the integration of kernel oil content (KOC) as a quantitative trait for haploid discrimination is discussed. Progress in artificial and spontaneous chromosome doubling techniques, particularly the roles of colchicine, NO treatments, and identified QTL governing spontaneous haploid genome doubling (SHGD), are highlighted. This review underscores the transformative potential of combining novel genetic tools, precision phenotyping, and genome-editing strategies to further optimize DH technology for maize improvement, ultimately facilitating next-generation plant breeding programs.
玉米（L.）是一种具有全球重要意义的谷类作物，在食品、饲料和工业领域有多种用途。通过双单倍体（DH）技术快速培育纯合自交系彻底改变了玉米育种方式，减少了品种改良所需的时间和成本。本综述综合了单倍体诱导系统的进展，重点关注父本和母本诱导剂的遗传机制。研究了诸如、和着丝粒组蛋白变体等关键基因在单倍体胚胎形成中的作用。对基于DNA含量和表型标记（如和基因）的单倍体鉴定方法进行了严格评估，包括提高选择准确性的最新创新方法。此外，还讨论了将籽粒油含量（KOC）作为单倍体鉴别数量性状的整合情况。重点介绍了人工和自发染色体加倍技术的进展，特别是秋水仙素、一氧化氮处理的作用以及已确定的控制自发单倍体基因组加倍（SHGD）的数量性状位点（QTL）。本综述强调了结合新型遗传工具、精准表型分析和基因组编辑策略进一步优化DH技术以改良玉米的变革潜力，最终推动下一代植物育种计划。
