Jin Yiming, Lu Rong, Wang Mingyuan, Xu Zihao, Liu Zhen, Xie Shuhong, Zhang Yu
Department of Blood Screening Test, Suzhou Blood Center, Suzhou, China.
Division of Transfusion Medicine, Suzhou Blood Center, Suzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 21;20(8):e0331027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331027. eCollection 2025.
In this study, we aimed to analyze the blood screening detection strategies employed for voluntary blood donation in a specific region of East China and evaluate the efficacy of the blood safety detection system.
A total of 539,117 whole blood samples were collected from voluntary blood donors between January 2018 and July 2021, as well as in 2023 and 2024. The samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies/antigen (HIV Ab/Ag), and Treponema pallidum (TP) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured using a rapid method. Chemiluminescence immunoassay technology was used to detect five hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA. The reactivity rates of each marker were analyzed.
The overall positivity rate for blood testing among donors in this region was 0.76% (4,078/539,117). The positivity rates for the individual markers were as follows: anti-TP (0.20%)> HBsAg (0.18%)> ALT (0.13%)> anti-HCV (0.085%)> nucleic acid testing (0.080%)> HIV antigen/anti-HIV (0.079%). No significant differences were observed (P > 0.05). Before 2023, the positivity rates for ALT and HBsAg exhibited occasional fluctuations, followed by a significant decline. Conversely, in 2024, a slight upward trend in the HIV positivity rate was noted.
The current multitiered blood screening and detection strategy in this region exhibits complementary advantages, ensuring effective blood safety. However, the observed slight upward trend in the HIV positivity rate among voluntary blood donors highlights the necessity for enhanced pre-donation counseling and risk assessment for key populations.
在本研究中，我们旨在分析中国东部某特定地区无偿献血所采用的血液筛查检测策略，并评估血液安全检测系统的效能。
2018年1月至2021年7月以及2023年和2024年期间，共采集了539,117份来自无偿献血者的全血样本。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法对样本进行乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）抗体、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体/抗原（HIV Ab/Ag）和梅毒螺旋体（TP）抗体的筛查。采用快速方法测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平。使用化学发光免疫测定技术检测五种乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）标志物。采用聚合酶链反应检测HBV DNA、HCV RNA和HIV RNA。分析各标志物的反应率。
该地区献血者血液检测的总体阳性率为0.76%（4,078/539,117）。各单项标志物的阳性率如下：抗TP（0.20%）> HBsAg（0.18%）> ALT（0.13%）> 抗HCV（0.085%）> 核酸检测（0.080%）> HIV抗原/抗HIV（0.079%）。未观察到显著差异（P > 0.05）。2023年前，ALT和HBsAg的阳性率偶尔波动，随后显著下降。相反，2024年，HIV阳性率出现轻微上升趋势。
该地区目前的多层血液筛查和检测策略具有互补优势，可确保有效的血液安全。然而，无偿献血者中HIV阳性率出现的轻微上升趋势凸显了加强对重点人群献血前咨询和风险评估的必要性。
