Abd-Elhalim Basma T, Mohamed Esmat S, Gamar Gamar Mahamat, Moawad Hanan
Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, PO Box 68, Shubra El-Khaimah, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
Biotechnology Department, Higher Institute for Agriculture Co-Operation, Shubra, Cairo, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 21;15(1):30806. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14247-x.
Because medicinal plants contain bioactive phenolic compounds with antibacterial, antioxidant, and other properties, they have been used in many parts of nutrition and healthcare. The atmosphere in which local meat products and vendors operate is still subpar. Every individual is impacted, either directly or indirectly, when food is contaminated by harmful germs and spoilage. In this study, the microbiological purity, preservation, and shelf life of beef meat were assessed. The study analyzed the bacterial count in beef burger and luncheon samples, with gram negative bacteria having the highest contamination rate (58%). Four selected bacteria isolates were identified based on their morphological and cultural characteristics, confirmed by VITEK 2 system analysis and were identified as bacterial isolates from the Bacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Staphylococcaceae families. The study found nine active compounds in rosemary leaves extract, including ferruginol, camphor, cineole, verbenone, borneol, αcaryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, 2-methyl-4-vinylphenol, and eugenol, which act as antioxidants and antibacterials. The aqueous rosemary leaves extract (ARLE) showed efficacy in antibacterial activity against various bacteria, with clear inhibition zones (CIZ) and mean growth inhibition (MGI) values of 28.1 mm and 37%, respectively. The addition of ARLE to meat beef significantly reduced counts of pathogenic bacteria during storage. The preservation effectiveness of ARLE against artificially inoculated Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in meat beef exhibited complete bactericidal effect, with no recovery of the pathogen. The study assessed the impact of ARLE on meat beef sensory quality, finding that at a concentration of 15 mg/g, ARLE did not affect overall acceptability but enhanced the meat's sensory properties. When used as a natural antioxidant agent, the ARLE's antioxidant activity through DPPH scavenging proved to be successful in food preservation. Its radical-scavenging activity increased with concentration, with high DPPH radical-scavenging activity at 2560 μg/mL and varying percentages at different concentrations. ARLE also showed cytotoxicity against colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116), breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2) for 24 h. Applying ARLE significantly extended meat shelf-life by reducing microbial counts and inhibiting pathogens. To strengthen this conclusion, referencing specific safety and spoilage thresholds, such as TVC below 10 CFU/g, would provide a clearer, quantitative assessment of preservation. Demonstrating that treated samples remained below these limits longer than controls would offer concrete evidence of practical shelf-life extension.
由于药用植物含有具有抗菌、抗氧化等特性的生物活性酚类化合物,它们已被用于营养和医疗保健的许多领域。当地肉类产品和供应商的经营环境仍然不尽人意。当食物被有害细菌污染和变质时,每个人都会直接或间接地受到影响。在本研究中,对牛肉的微生物纯度、保存情况和保质期进行了评估。该研究分析了牛肉汉堡和午餐肉样本中的细菌数量,革兰氏阴性菌的污染率最高(58%)。根据四种选定细菌分离株的形态和培养特征进行鉴定,经VITEK 2系统分析确认,它们被鉴定为芽孢杆菌科、肠杆菌科、假单胞菌科和葡萄球菌科的细菌分离株。该研究在迷迭香叶提取物中发现了九种活性化合物,包括铁锈醇、樟脑、桉叶素、马鞭草烯酮、冰片、α-石竹烯、萜品-4-醇、2-甲基-4-乙烯基苯酚和丁香酚,它们具有抗氧化和抗菌作用。迷迭香叶水提取物(ARLE)对多种细菌表现出抗菌活性,其透明抑菌圈(CIZ)和平均生长抑制(MGI)值分别为28.1毫米和37%。在牛肉中添加ARLE可显著减少储存期间的病原菌数量。ARLE对牛肉中人工接种的金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的保存效果表现出完全杀菌作用,病原菌未再生长。该研究评估了ARLE对牛肉感官品质的影响,发现浓度为15毫克/克时,ARLE不影响总体可接受性,但增强了肉的感官特性。当用作天然抗氧化剂时,ARLE通过清除DPPH的抗氧化活性在食品保存方面被证明是成功的。其自由基清除活性随浓度增加而增强,在2560微克/毫升时具有较高的DPPH自由基清除活性,在不同浓度下有不同的百分比。ARLE对结肠癌细胞(HCT-116)、乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和人肝癌细胞(HepG-2)也表现出24小时的细胞毒性。应用ARLE通过减少微生物数量和抑制病原体显著延长了肉的保质期。为了强化这一结论,参考具体的安全和变质阈值,如总活菌数低于10 CFU/克,将提供更清晰、定量的保存评估。证明处理后的样品比对照样品在这些限值以下保持的时间更长,将为实际延长保质期提供具体证据。