Wang Zhenzhen, Nie Rong, Zhang Qian, Zhou Liping, Zhao Congcong, Cheng Xianghong
Department of Maternity, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
School of Health Science & Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Aug 6;13:1537392. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1537392. eCollection 2025.
The health quotient (HQ) represents health awareness, health knowledge, and health ability. There are few studies on the HQ of women in the puerperium.
The convenience sampling method was used to select puerperium women.
A total of 245 questionnaires were valid. The average scores of health awareness, health knowledge, and health ability of women were 15.0 ± 1.6 (maximum: 18), 26.6 ± 7.9 (maximum: 42), and 25.8 ± 5.3 (maximum: 33) points, respectively. The residence of rural (OR = 3.489, = 0.018) and whether the perinatal caregiver was a nanny (OR = 2.538, = 0.019) were independently associated with health awareness. The occupational status of on-the-job (OR = 2.573, = 0.010) and whether the payment method was medical insurance (OR = 0.233, = 0.048) were independently associated with health knowledge. The place of residence (OR = 3.090, = 0.040) and parity ≥ 2 births (OR = 4.324, = 0.001) were independently associated with health ability. The structural equation model showed that the maternal health knowledge had direct effects on maternal health ability ( = 0.316, = 0.011) and baby health ability ( = 0.327, = 0.029), the baby health knowledge directly affected the baby health ability ( = 0.462, < 0.001), and the health awareness directly affected the maternal health ability ( = 0.569, = 0.006).
Puerperium women had sufficient health awareness, suboptimal health knowledge, and suboptimal health ability. The residence, perinatal caregiver, occupational status, payment method, and parity were risk factors of HQ.
健康商数（HQ）代表健康意识、健康知识和健康能力。关于产褥期女性健康商数的研究较少。
采用便利抽样法选取产褥期女性。
共245份问卷有效。女性的健康意识、健康知识和健康能力的平均得分分别为15.0±1.6（满分：18分）、26.6±7.9（满分：42分）和25.8±5.3（满分：33分）。农村居住地（OR = 3.489， = 0.018）以及围产期照顾者是否为保姆（OR = 2.538， = 0.019）与健康意识独立相关。在职职业状况（OR = 2.573， = 0.010）以及支付方式是否为医疗保险（OR = 0.233， = 0.048）与健康知识独立相关。居住地（OR = 3.090， = 0.040）以及产次≥2次（OR = 4.324， = 0.001）与健康能力独立相关。结构方程模型显示，母亲的健康知识对母亲的健康能力（ = 0.316， = 0.011）和婴儿的健康能力（ = 0.327， = 0.029）有直接影响，婴儿的健康知识直接影响婴儿的健康能力（ = 0.462， < 0.001），健康意识直接影响母亲的健康能力（ = 0.569， = 0.006）。
产褥期女性有足够的健康意识，但健康知识和健康能力欠佳。居住地、围产期照顾者、职业状况、支付方式和产次是健康商数的危险因素。
