Varga Dominika K, Raykov Petar P, Jefferies Elizabeth, Ben-Yakov Aya, Bird Chris M
School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Aug 26;122(34):e2503535122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2503535122. Epub 2025 Aug 22.
Prediction errors drive learning by signaling mismatches between expectations and reality, but the neural systems supporting these computations remain debated. The hippocampus is implicated in mismatch detection, yet it is not known whether it signals mismatches with episodic memories or generalized knowledge. Across three functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiments, we show that the hippocampus selectively responds to mismatches with episodic memories of specific events. In contrast, schematic mismatches engage Semantic Control and Multiple Demand Networks, as well as subcortical regions linked to prediction error signaling. Episodic mismatches also recruit the Default Mode Network. These findings challenge accounts that propose the hippocampus is a domain-general mismatch detector. Instead, the findings support a more specialized role for the hippocampus in learning that is underpinned by its well-established importance in processing episodic memories.
预测误差通过表明期望与现实之间的不匹配来驱动学习，但支持这些计算的神经系统仍存在争议。海马体与不匹配检测有关，但尚不清楚它是否通过情景记忆或广义知识来表明不匹配。在三项功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）实验中，我们表明海马体对与特定事件的情景记忆的不匹配有选择性反应。相比之下，图式不匹配会激活语义控制和多重需求网络，以及与预测误差信号相关的皮层下区域。情景不匹配还会激活默认模式网络。这些发现挑战了认为海马体是一个通用领域不匹配探测器的观点。相反，这些发现支持了海马体在学习中发挥更特殊作用的观点，这一观点的基础是其在处理情景记忆方面已确立的重要性。
