Department of Biochemistry, RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Statistics, Mathematics and Computer Science, Government SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Indian Heart J. 2024 Mar;76 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S20-S28. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2023.11.266. Epub 2024 Feb 12.
Dyslipidemias are the most important coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor. High total cholesterol and its principal subtypes: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (NHDL) cholesterol are the most important. Epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies have confirmed role of raised triglycerides and lipoprotein(a). INTERHEART study reported a significant association of raised ApoB/ApoA1, total-, LDL-, and NHDL-cholesterol in South Asians. Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study identified raised NHDL cholesterol as the most important risk factor. Regional and multisite epidemiological studies in India have reported increasing population levels of total-, LDL-, and NHDL cholesterol and triglycerides. India Heart Watch reported higher prevalence of total and LDL cholesterol in northern and western Indian cities. ICMR-INDIAB study reported regional variations in hypercholesterolemia (≥200 mg/dl) from 4.6 % to 50.3 %, with greater prevalence in northern states, Kerala, Goa, and West Bengal. Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration and Global Burden of Diseases Studies have reported increasing LDL- and NHDL-cholesterol in India. Studies among emigrant Indians in UK and USA have reported higher triglycerides in compared to Caucasians. Identification of regional variations and trends in dyslipidemias need more nationwide surveys. Prospective studies are needed to assess quantum of risk with CAD incidence.
血脂异常是冠心病（CAD）最重要的危险因素。总胆固醇及其主要亚型：低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇和非高密度脂蛋白（NHDL）胆固醇最为重要。流行病学和孟德尔随机化研究证实了升高的甘油三酯和脂蛋白（a）的作用。INTERHEART 研究报告了南亚人升高的 ApoB/ApoA1、总胆固醇、LDL 胆固醇和 NHDL 胆固醇之间存在显著相关性。前瞻性城市农村流行病学（PURE）研究确定升高的 NHDL 胆固醇是最重要的危险因素。印度的区域和多地点流行病学研究报告称，总胆固醇、LDL 胆固醇和甘油三酯的人群水平呈上升趋势。印度心脏观察报告称，印度北部和西部城市的总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇患病率较高。ICMR-INDIAB 研究报告称，高胆固醇血症（≥200mg/dl）的区域性差异从 4.6%到 50.3%，北部各州、喀拉拉邦、果阿邦和西孟加拉邦的患病率更高。非传染性疾病风险因素合作组织和全球疾病负担研究报告称，印度 LDL 和 NHDL 胆固醇呈上升趋势。在英国和美国的印度移民中进行的研究报告称，与高加索人相比，印度人的甘油三酯水平更高。需要更多的全国性调查来确定血脂异常的区域差异和趋势。需要前瞻性研究来评估与 CAD 发病率相关的风险程度。
