Fischer Katharina, Kirschbaum Elisabeth Maria, Nikoleizig Lucie, Lautenbach Franziska, McGawley Kerry, Elbe Anne-Marie
Research Group Elite Female Athletes, Institute for Applied Training Science, Leipzig, Germany.
Sports Psychology, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Sep;25(9):e70019. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.70019.
In this study, a menstrual cycle knowledge questionnaire (MCKQ) for female athletes and coaches was developed and validated. Items for an initial questionnaire (Pre-MCKQ) were generated from existing questionnaires and supplemented by three experienced gynaecologists. The 21-item Pre-MCKQ was piloted on a sample of 325 recreational female athletes, 27 female coaches and 19 male coaches. Each item's difficulty and item-total correlation scores were assessed, and the final MCKQ was reduced to 12 items. Eighteen experts rated the 12-item MCKQ for relevance (M = 5.4 and SD = 0.8) and clarity (M = 5.4, SD = 1.0) using a 6-point Likert scale. The 12-item MCKQ was then completed by 562 elite female athletes and 170 coaches (55 female, 114 male and 1 other). Test-retest reliability was assessed with a separate cohort of sport science students (n = 64). The mean difficulty index was 57%, and the mean item-total correlation was r = 0.36. Cronbach's alpha of 0.73 indicates that the questionnaire is reliable and test-retest reliability was strong. Knowledge test scores differed significantly among female athletes, female coaches and male coaches (F (2,728) = 8.59, p < 0.01 and ηp = 0.02, respectively), demonstrating construct validity. Additionally, participants who rated their knowledge of the menstrual cycle as higher scored significantly better than those with lower self-ratings (F (5,726) = 38.45, p < 0.01, ηp = 0.21). In conclusion, the 12-item MCKQ appears to be a valid and reliable tool to assess the menstrual cycle knowledge of female athletes and coaches.
在本研究中，针对女性运动员和教练开发并验证了一份月经周期知识问卷（MCKQ）。初始问卷（Pre - MCKQ）的条目源自现有问卷，并由三位经验丰富的妇科医生进行补充。21项的Pre - MCKQ在325名业余女性运动员、27名女性教练和19名男性教练的样本上进行了预测试。评估了每个条目的难度和条目与总分的相关得分，最终的MCKQ缩减为12项。18位专家使用6点李克特量表对12项MCKQ的相关性（M = 5.4，标准差 = 0.8）和清晰度（M = 5.4，标准差 = 1.0）进行了评分。然后，562名精英女性运动员和170名教练（55名女性、114名男性和1名其他人员）完成了12项MCKQ。使用另一组运动科学专业学生（n = 64）评估了重测信度。平均难度指数为57%，平均条目与总分的相关性为r = 0.36。克朗巴哈系数为0.73表明该问卷具有可靠性，且重测信度较强。女性运动员、女性教练和男性教练之间的知识测试得分存在显著差异（F(2,728) = 8.59，p < 0.01，偏 eta 方 = ηp = 0.02），表明具有结构效度。此外，将自己对月经周期知识的评分较高的参与者的得分显著高于自我评分较低的参与者（F(5,726) = 38.45，p < 0.01，偏 eta 方 = ηp = 0.21）。总之，12项MCKQ似乎是评估女性运动员和教练月经周期知识的有效且可靠的工具。
