Ahmed Adnan, Aidi Huo
Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jul;32(34):20288-20320. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36886-3. Epub 2025 Aug 23.
Heavy metal contamination poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating cost-effective and sustainable remediation strategies. Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of biomass, has emerged as a promising solution for mitigating heavy metal pollution. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of biochar-mediated heavy metal remediation, including adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, and complexation. It highlights critical factors, such as feedstock selection, pyrolysis conditions, and the physicochemical properties of biochar, that influence its efficacy. Additionally, the review identifies challenges, including variability in biochar properties and long-term environmental impacts, while discussing advanced modification techniques to enhance the performance of biochar. By synthesising current research, this study highlights the importance of biochar as a sustainable and economically viable tool for soil remediation. The findings provide valuable insights for developing targeted biochar applications to mitigate heavy metal contamination, thereby contributing to enhanced environmental quality and agricultural sustainability. Moreover, emerging technologies, such as magnetic or electric field-responsive biochars, nano-engineered composites, and machine learning-guided design, offer promising avenues for creating intelligent remediation materials and accelerating field deployment.
重金属污染带来了重大的环境和健康风险，因此需要具有成本效益且可持续的修复策略。生物炭是一种通过生物质热解产生的富含碳的材料，已成为减轻重金属污染的一种有前景的解决方案。本综述探讨了生物炭介导的重金属修复的潜在机制，包括吸附、沉淀、离子交换和络合作用。它强调了影响其效果的关键因素，如原料选择、热解条件和生物炭的物理化学性质。此外，该综述还指出了挑战，包括生物炭性质的变异性和长期环境影响，同时讨论了增强生物炭性能的先进改性技术。通过综合当前的研究，本研究强调了生物炭作为一种可持续且经济可行的土壤修复工具的重要性。这些发现为开发有针对性的生物炭应用以减轻重金属污染提供了有价值的见解，从而有助于提高环境质量和农业可持续性。此外，新兴技术，如磁场或电场响应生物炭、纳米工程复合材料和机器学习引导设计，为创造智能修复材料和加速现场应用提供了有前景的途径。
