Liu Chang, Xu Xiaowei, He Anfei, Zhang Yuanzheng, Che Ruijie, Yang Lu, Wei Jing, Wang Fenghe, Hua Jing, Shi Jiaqi
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Toxics. 2025 Jul 25;13(8):618. doi: 10.3390/toxics13080618.
Biochar, a porous carbonaceous material derived from the pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions, offers several advantages for environmental remediation, including a high specific surface area, ease of preparation, and abundant raw material sources. However, the application of pristine biochar is limited by its inherent physicochemical shortcomings, such as a lack of active functional groups and limited elemental compositions. To overcome these limitations, metal-modified biochars have garnered increasing attention. In particular, iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) modification significantly enhances the adsorption capacity, redox potential, and microbial activity of biochar, owing to the synergistic interactions between Fe and Mn. Iron-manganese-modified biochar (FM-BC) has demonstrated effective removal of heavy metals, organic matter, phosphate, and nitrate through mechanisms including mesoporous adsorption, redox reactions, complexation, electrostatic interactions, and precipitation. Moreover, FM-BC can improve soil physicochemical properties and support plant growth, highlighting its promising potential for broader environmental application. This review summarizes the preparation methods, environmental remediation mechanisms, and practical applications of FM-BC and discusses future directions in mechanism elucidation, biomass selection, and engineering implementation. Overall, FM-BC, with its tunable properties and multifunctional capabilities, emerges as a promising and efficient material for addressing complex environmental pollution challenges.
生物炭是一种在缺氧条件下通过生物质热解产生的多孔碳质材料，在环境修复方面具有诸多优势，包括比表面积大、易于制备以及原料来源丰富。然而，原始生物炭的应用受到其固有物理化学缺陷的限制，如缺乏活性官能团和元素组成有限。为克服这些限制，金属改性生物炭受到越来越多的关注。特别是铁 - 锰（Fe - Mn）改性显著提高了生物炭的吸附能力、氧化还原电位和微生物活性，这归因于Fe和Mn之间的协同相互作用。铁 - 锰改性生物炭（FM - BC）已通过介孔吸附、氧化还原反应、络合、静电相互作用和沉淀等机制有效去除重金属、有机物、磷酸盐和硝酸盐。此外，FM - BC可以改善土壤物理化学性质并促进植物生长，凸显了其在更广泛环境应用中的潜力。本文综述了FM - BC的制备方法、环境修复机制和实际应用，并讨论了在机制阐明、生物质选择和工程实施方面的未来方向。总体而言，FM - BC具有可调节的性质和多功能能力，是应对复杂环境污染挑战的一种有前景且高效的材料。
