Azzam Clara R, Rizk Mokhtar Said, Mostafa Soha Sayed Mohammad, Arafa Ramadan A, Al-Nabawi Mohamed Samy, Morsi Nahid Abdelaty Ali, Nasr El-Din Marwa Mahmoud, Taher Enass Hassan, Khaled Khaled Adly
Cell Research Department, FCRI, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt.
Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center (DRC), P.O.B. 11753, Cairo, Egypt.
J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2025 Sep;23(3):100545. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100545. Epub 2025 Aug 19.
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is recognized for its nutritional value and health-promoting compounds, including flavonoids.
This study utilized DNA barcoding to identify and differentiate two novel chia genotypes, CACH-W and CACH-B, providing insights for breeding programs and genetic resource conservation (CA refers to the developer and CH refer to Chia).
DNA was extracted from controlled samples and analyzed using five barcode markers: trnH-psbA, matK, rpoC1, rbcL, and ITS. Genetic diversity was evaluated through phylogenetic analysis with appropriate bioinformatics tools.
DNA barcoding using five markers (trnH-psbA, matK, rpoC1, rbcL, and ITS) successfully amplified sequences of 930 bp, 1520 bp, 2295 bp, 1910 bp, and 1630 bp, respectively. Among them, rbcL, rpoC1, and ITS effectively differentiated the two genotypes, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed their genetic identity and relationship with existing (Salvia hispanica L.) sequences. Functional analyses highlighted the conserved roles of key genes, including rbcL (carbon fixation), rpoC1 (chloroplast transcription), and matK (RNA splicing). The white genotype (CACH-W) outperformed the black genotype (CACH-B) in germination, physiological, and agronomic traits, achieving a higher seedling vigor index (11.68 vs. 8.51), longer radicle (6.94 cm vs. 5.02 cm), and greater total phenolic content (31.92 mg/g vs. 28.95 mg/g). Agronomically, CACH-W showed superior plant height, spike weight, and seed yield (1003.83 kg/feddan vs. 606.46 kg/feddan), making it a promising candidate for cultivation and breeding.
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of certain plastome gene sequences in identifying and distinguishing chia varieties, offering a reliable tool for breeding, quality control, and germplasm conservation. The white genotype (CACH-W) outperformed the black genotype (CACH-B) in germination, physiological, and agronomic traits, achieving a higher seedling vigor index, longer radicle, and greater total phenolic content. Agronomically, CACH-W showed superior plant height, spike weight, and seed yield, making it a promising candidate for cultivation and breeding. The results also support the integration of marker-assisted selection for developing chia varieties with improved traits, enhancing their commercial and agricultural value.
奇亚籽（Salvia hispanica L.）因其营养价值和促进健康的化合物（包括类黄酮）而闻名。
本研究利用DNA条形码技术鉴定和区分两种新型奇亚籽基因型CACH-W和CACH-B，为育种计划和遗传资源保护提供见解（CA指开发者，CH指奇亚籽）。
从对照样本中提取DNA，并使用五个条形码标记进行分析：trnH-psbA、matK、rpoC1、rbcL和ITS。通过使用适当的生物信息学工具进行系统发育分析来评估遗传多样性。
使用五个标记（trnH-psbA、matK、rpoC1、rbcL和ITS）进行DNA条形码分析分别成功扩增出930 bp、1520 bp、2295 bp、1910 bp和1630 bp的序列。其中，rbcL、rpoC1和ITS有效地区分了这两种基因型，系统发育分析证实了它们的遗传身份以及与现有（Salvia hispanica L.）序列的关系。功能分析突出了关键基因的保守作用，包括rbcL（碳固定）、rpoC1（叶绿体转录）和matK（RNA剪接）。白色基因型（CACH-W）在发芽、生理和农艺性状方面优于黑色基因型（CACH-B），其幼苗活力指数更高（11.68对8.51）、胚根更长（6.94厘米对5.02厘米）且总酚含量更高（31.92毫克/克对28.95毫克/克）。在农艺学上，CACH-W表现出更高的株高、穗重和种子产量（1003.83千克/费丹对606.46千克/费丹），使其成为种植和育种的有前景的候选品种。
本研究证明了某些质体基因组基因序列在鉴定和区分奇亚籽品种方面的有效性，为育种、质量控制和种质保护提供了可靠工具。白色基因型（CACH-W）在发芽、生理和农艺性状方面优于黑色基因型（CACH-B），具有更高的幼苗活力指数、更长的胚根和更高的总酚含量。在农艺学上，CACH-W表现出更高的株高、穗重和种子产量，使其成为种植和育种的有前景的候选品种。研究结果还支持将标记辅助选择整合到培育具有改良性状的奇亚籽品种中，提高其商业和农业价值。
